Organic substitutes

Sulfates. Indium metal and its oxides dissolve in warm sulfuric acid to give a solution of the trisulfate [13464-82-9], In2(S0 2- It is a white, crystalline, deUquescent soHd, readily soluble in water that forms double salts with alkaLi sulfates and some organic substituted ammonium bases. Concentration of the acidified trisulfate solution produces indium acid sulfate crystal [57344-73-7], In(HS0 2> other reaction conditions give basic sulfates. 

Hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (cycHc trimer) is a respiratory irritant. Nausea has also been noted on exposure (10). Intravenous and intraperitoneal toxicity measurements were made on mice. The highest nonlethal dose (LDq) was measured as 20 mg/kg (11). Linear chloropolymer is also beUeved to be toxic (10). Upon organic substitution, the high molecular weight linear polymers have been shown to be inert. Rat implants of eight different polyphosphazene homopolymers indicated low levels of tissue toxicity (12). EZ has been found to be reasonably compatible with blood (13), and has lower hpid absorption than fiuorosihcone. 

Silicones are probably best known for their application as sealants and as release materials for pressure sensitive adhesives [107]. The silicone polymer combines an inorganic backbone made from silicon-oxygen bonds with organic substitution on the silicon atom. This repeating unit, shown below is called a siloxane. 

The cationic agents used for their antimicrobial activity all fall within the group known as the quaternary ammonium compounds which are variously described as QACs, quats or onium ions. These are organically substituted ammonium compounds as shown in... 

Quaternary ammonium salts are organically substituted nitrogen compounds in which the nitrogen atom is pentavalent. Four of the substituents are alkyl, aryl or heterocyclic radicals and the fifth is an anion (a cationic charge). This anion is mostly chloride. Therefore we call them benzalkonium chlorides. 

Wise, S., Sasse, R.A., and Holmes, H.E. (1984) Organic substitutes for charcoal in black powder type pyrotechnic formulations. US Army Technical Report No. ARBRL-TR-02569. 

The equilibrium as well as the kinetics of hydrolysis and condensation of trialkoxysilanes is influenced by the organic substitution. A special case exists for many aminosilanes such as aminopropyltriethoxysilane, where a stable zwitterionic silanolate forms that is stable in solution [17-19]. It has been reported that at concentrations lower than 0.2% the aminosilane exists as a monomeric silanetriol [19]. 

Linear poly(organophosphazenes) are now synthesized by six different methods. These are (a) The ring-opening polymerization of (NPC12)3 mentioned above, followed by macromolecular substitution (b) Ring-opening polymerization of organic substituted phosphazene cyclic trimers, usually followed by macromolecular substitution ... 

The most important class of silicon-containing polymers that have not yet been covered are the polysilazanes, shown in 7.1. These polymers, or precursors to them, are generally prepared by the reaction of organic-substituted chlorosilanes with ammonia or amines as is shown in reaction (l).32... 

Diene-Iron Carbonyl Complexes and Related Species R. Pettit and G. F. Emerson Reactions of Organotin Hydrides with Organic Compounds Henry C. Kuivila Organic Substituted Cyclosilanes... 

Synthetic Application of Element Organic Substituted Phosphorus Ylides... 

The most important results that throw light on the Si-Si bond are summarized in this review. It deals first with the hydrogen and halogen compounds having Si—Si bonds, describes the preparation and properties of organic substituted disilanes and oligosilanes, and discusses the physicochemical properties of the Si—Si bond. 

---