Chloro-substituted aromatic organic

Figure 3. Mode of Packing in Chloro Substituted Aromatic Organic Crystals within 4.2 A.

A number of papers concerned with the decomposition behaviour of organic halogen compounds in the mass spectrometer and related systems is to be found in the journal Organic Mass Spectrometry. For example, in the case of fluoro-compounds, McCarthy has discussed mass spectral correlations for fluorinated alkanes studies by other workers have included those on aromatic fluoro-com-pounds , fluorine-containing dimethyl esters , and tetrafluoroethanes . In the same journal, studies on other halogen compounds include dichlorocyclo-propanes , norbornyl chlorides and bromides , j8-phenylethyl bromides , and chloro-substituted benzynes . 

Various chloro- and alkyl-substituted anilines, which represent the aromatic base of a large number of organic pollutants, were shown to react with phenolic humic constituents in the presence of a phenoloxidase isolated from R. praticola, while no reaction occurred when only the anilines were incubated with the fungal lactase. 

It is not surprising that electrophilic aromatic substitutions were the first organic reactions investigated using acidic room-temperature chloro-almninate(III) ionic liquids. Indeed, chloroaluminate(ni) species combine their properties of good solvents for simple arenes to their role as Lewis acid catalysts. In Friedel-Craft alkylations, polyalkylation is common as well as the isomerisation of primary halides to secondary carbonium ions. 

Examples of toxic compounds, including some important intermediates and starting materials in the chemical industry, are shown in Figure 3.3. Many alkali fluorides, such as alkali hexafluorosilicate, alkali hydrogen difluoride, or alkali sulfuryl fluoride, are well known toxic substances. Sulfur dioxide and ammonia (ubiquitous gases) are toxic, as are chlorine, metallic mercury vapors, many organic phenol compounds, amino aromatic compounds such as aniline, and many substituted amino-benzene derivatives. Additionally, many diisocyanates are toxic, e.g., 2,4- and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate (TDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), chloro-, bromo-, and iodoacetic acid, methyl bromide, tribromomethane (bromoform), carbon tetrachloride, and formaldehyde. Also, many natural compounds present in many plants have toxic properties, and a selection of these are listed in Table 3.4. 

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