Organic structural analysis, polymer

The applications of high-resolution NMR to polymers are many and varied, reflecting the wide range of chain structural features accessible by NMR. Many applications are no diflferent from the ubiquitous use of NMR as a qualitative analytical tool in organic structural analysis, but others exploit the capability of NMR in providing information about aspects of molecular architecture that are peculiar to polymers and can be investigated by no other technique. Here the principal types of information are summarised in approximate order of sophistication. 

A type of spectroscopy used in chemical analysis and the determination of the structure of organic compounds and polymers. 

Single-crystal X-ray analysis of compound 8 revealed that it was a novel ID inorganic-organic hybrid coordination polymer (Fig. 12), possessing a linear chain composed by trinuclear Cu3I4 units. The three Cu atoms form a slightly distorted equilateral triangle. A noteworthy structural feature of 8 are... 

Summary The analysis of supramolecular structures containing polymers, and the discussion about the effect of polymeric materials with different chemical structures that form inclusion complexes is extensively studied. The effect of the inclusion complexes at the air-water interface is discussed in terms on the nature of the interaction. The entropic or enthalpic nature of the interaction is analyzed. The description of these inclusion complexes with different cyclodextrines with several polymers is an interesting way to understand some non-covalent interaction in these systems. The discussion about the generation and effect of supramolecular structures on molecular assembly and auto-organization processes is also presented in a single form. The use of block copolymers and dendronized polymers at interfaces is a new aspect to be taken into account from both basic and technological interest. The effect of the chemical structure on the self-assembled systems is discussed. 

Relatively purified proteins are easily crystallized at >1%, usually 5-10%, of the protein concentration in buffer. So, crystallization is the final stage of purification, and useful for storage of proteins and X-ray crystal structure analysis. In protein chemistry, crystallization does not mean the protein is 100% pure even though it is in crystalline form. As described for salting out, a crystallized protein is in a solid state together with precipitation aids such as salts, organic solvents, water-soluble polymers etc. 

Some aspects of computational quantum chemistry applied to the analysis of the electronic structure of polymers are reviewed in connection with the timely trends observed in their electrical and optical properties. The paper is organized as follows after an introduction (Section 36.1), the basic theory of the quantum chemical methodologies as applied to periodic chains is summarized (Section 36.2). Several fields of applications are then presented photoelectron spectra (Section 36.3), conducting and semiconducting conjugated polymers (Section 36.4), hnear and non-linear optical properties (Section 36.5) and the role of charge transfer in organic chains (Section 36.6). Possible developments for the near future are also sketched. 

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