Organic polymers modules

The birefringent (BR) modulator makes use of polarized light and tensorial nature of the electrooptic coefficient. For example, poled organic polymer films are characterized by two nonzero components for the electrooptic tensor and parallel and orthogonal to the poling direction,... 

Besides polyimides, photoconductive polymers with conjugated bonds also can be successfully used in liquid crystal spatial light modulators [262-264], The high resolution, mechanical and electrical stability and possibility for sensitization of the photosensitivity make the use of organic polymer photoconductors in spatial light modulators very attractive. Devices such as phase... 

Several cleaning methods are used to remove the densified gel layer of retained material from the membrane surface. The easiest is to circulate an appropriate cleaning solution through the membrane modules for 1 or 2 h. The most common ultrafiltration fouling layers—organic polymer colloids and gelatinous... 

Microstructures and systems are typically fabricated from rigid materials, such as crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, glass, quartz, metals and organic polymers. Elastomeric materials can be used in applications where rigidity is a drawback. We have demonstrated the concepts of elastomeric systems by fabrication of photothermal detectors, optical modulators and light valves. We believe that elastomeric materials will find additional applications in the areas of optical systems, micro analytical systems, biomaterials and biosensors. 

Shi Y, Lin W, Olson DJ, Bechtel JH, Wang W (1999) Microstrip line-slot ground electrode for high-speed optical push-pull polymer modulators. In Organic thin films for photonic applications. Optical Society of America, Washington DC, p 20... 

Whilton NT, Berton B, Bronstein L, Henze H, Antonietti M (1999) Organized functionalization of mesoporous silica supports using prefabricated metal-polymer modules. Adv Mater 11 1014-1018... 

Comparison of process-related characteristics of various module configurations of organic polymer membranes... 

The majority of photovoltaic modules use silicon as the photovoltaic cell element, but other materials are, in principle, possible. The last four chapters consider the use of organic polymers (sometimes doped) as the cell element or in some related conducting property acrylonitrile, some polymeric phthalocyanines and polymers of 2-vinylnaphthalene that is doped with pyrene and 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene. The study on the last group of polymers was initiated by the idea that they could be used to transfer solar energy to a reaction center and produce some type of chemical reaction. The final chapter carries this approach further in the consideration of polymeric electrodes that could be used to split water into oxygen and hydrogen. The latter could then be utilized as a source of storable, readily transportable chemical energy. 

It follows that, in principle, the interaction between the metal and the organic polymer backbone can be modulated however, nrMi-trivial chemical syntheses are necessary. On the one side, the interaction of redox and electronic conductivity may be made meaningless, so much so that the two crmduction mechanisms are operative in parallel to each other. Conversely, the redox and the electronic conduction may be mixed and affect each other to different extents, giving rise to peculiar conduction situations. Intra-molecular conduction is contemporarily affected by the presence of the redox centers and of polarons and bipolarons on the organic chain. Some reviews critically discuss different points of this basic aspect [68, 69]. The contemporary consideration of what happens in pure ICP [81] (see also Chap. 2) is also a necessary complement to achieve full comprehension. 

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