Organic material/matter oxidation

When wetlands are drained, the organic matter is oxidized at a much quicker rate. This results in soil subsidence. The soils become acidic because hydrogen ions are released as the organic material is oxidized. For example, much of the organic matter accumulated over a period of 5,000 years in the Everglades was oxidized, on drainage, in less than 100 years. 

The major chemical problem met in ion-exchange practice is the fouling or poisoning of the anion resins by organic matter. The various counter measures deployed include pre-flocculation, oxidation of the organic material, the use of specially developed resins, and treatment of the fouled resins by brine and/or hypochlorite. 

Low-volatility natural organic material such as polysaccharides and higher molecular weight proteins sometimes produced low results. In the Hannaker and Buchanan method [82] these problems are overcome by using a solution-phase oxidant and enclosing the system in a sealed tube. In this way all of the constituents are fully contained and exposed to oxidation and, moreover, oxidation of the organic matter to carbon dioxide is complete for the greater majority of compounds. 

Phosphorus pentafluoride Phosphorus pentasulfide Phosphorus pentoxide Phosphorus, red Phosphorus tribromide Phosphorus bichloride Water or steam Air, alcohols, water Formic acid, HF, inorganic bases, metals, oxidants, water Organic materials Potassium, ruthenium tetroxide, sodium, water Acetic acid, aluminum, chromyl dichloride, dimethylsulfoxide, hydroxylamine, lead dioxide, nitric acid, nitrous acid, organic matter, potassium, sodium water... 

Carbon monoxide is found in varying concentrations in unventilated and confined spaces resulting from partial oxidation of carbonaceous matter. Burning wood, paper, kerosene, or other organic materials in inadequate air can produce this gas. It also is found in automobile exhaust and tobacco smoke emissions. 

D. The acid-soluble inorganic matter and the organic material can probably be dissolved (and oxidized) together by wet ashing with HNOa + H2S04 in a Teflon-lined bomb in a microwave oven. The insoluble residue should be washed well with water and the washings combined with the acid solution. After the residue has been dried, it can be fused with one of the fluxes in Table 28-6, dissolved in dilute acid, and combined with the previous solution. 

The coloured materials most frequently added are gamboge, dragon s blood, turmeric, indigo, and especially artificial organic colouring matters. For some varnishes mineral colours are used, such as ferric oxide, white lead, minium, lamp black, etc. 

---