Organic functionalization of semiconductor surface

Organic functionalization reactions have been carried out both in vacuum and in solution. The vacuum studies typically use the clean, reconstructed (100) or (111) crystal faces of the semiconductor, and the reactants are dosed in the gas phase. Because the semiconductor surfaces are readily oxidized and otherwise contaminated in air or solution, the usual approach for solution-based functionalization is to first passivate the semiconductor (e.g., with hydrogen or halogens) through solution processing, then carry out a reaction which replaces the passivating layer with the organic molecules. 

The literature on organic functionalization is too large to allow for a full review of the field within this chapter. Instead, we focus on the historical development of the functionalization reactions and highlight some recent developments that illustrate the utility of these approaches. 

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