Functional Organic Semiconductors

Selenium is an essential element and is beneficial at low concentrations, serving as an antioxidant. Lack of selenium affects thyroid function, and selenium deficiencies have been linked to Keshan Disease (34). Selenium at high levels, however, is toxic. Hydrogen selenide (which is used in semiconductor manufacturing) is extremely toxic, affecting the mucous membranes and respiratory system. However, the toxicity of most organ oselenium compounds used as donor compounds for organic semiconductors is not weU studied. 

The simplest and most widely used model to explain the response of organic photovoltaic devices under illumination is a metal-insulaior-metal (MIM) tunnel diode [55] with asymmetrical work-function metal electrodes (see Fig. 15-10). In forward bias, holes from the high work-function metal and electrons from the low work-function metal are injected into the organic semiconductor thin film. Because of the asymmetry of the work-functions for the two different metals, forward bias currents are orders of magnitude larger than reverse bias currents at low voltages. The expansion of the current transport model described above to a carrier generation term was not taken into account until now. 

Electron wave-functions, in semiconductors, 9 728 Electrooptic (EO) materials, 17 452-453 organic, 77 447... 

Advances in the synthesis and processing of organic molecules and polymers have led to the development of organic semiconductor-based devices that exhibit a multitude of functionalities, e.g., photovoltaics, memory/logic, and displays ... 

In the following section, we will show how radiation chemical reactions are useful for the molecular design of functional organic materials by taking our recent studies on next-generation resist polymers and organic semiconductors as examples. 

Values of the Work Function

Organic Semiconductors with Non-Ionic Molecules... 

The electronic paper idea and the work we ve done in organic semiconductors have had components including work by individual scientists, but there have also been components of a multidisciplinary team approach. For example, chemists have been associated with the design and characterization of the semiconducting organic materials, developing the understanding of what functionalities are needed and other factors. 

FUNCTIONALIZATION OF SEMICONDUCTOR SURFACES BY ORGANIC LAYERS CONCERTED CYCLOADDITION VERSUS STEPWISE FREE-RADICAL REACTION MECHANISMS... 

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