Organic compounds functional class nomenclature

Functional groups are characteristic structural units by which we divide organic compounds into classes and that serve as a basis for nomenclature. They are also sites of chemical reactivity a particular functional group, in whatever compound we find it, undergoes the same types of reactions. 

Functional groups are characteristic structural units by which we divide organic compounds into classes and that serve as a basis for nomenclature. 

Chapters 12 and 14 include both common names and systematic names for organic compounds representing the various classes of hydrocarbons and functional groups. This appendix focuses on the systematic nomenclature for organic compounds, as proposed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (lUPAG). 

The chemical properties of these molecules can be predicted based on the reactivity of the functional groups. Although the nomenclature of the major classes of organic compounds and their properties in terms of the functional groups will not be discussed until Chapter 24, we will frequently use organic compounds as examples to illustrate chanical bonding, acid-base reactions, and other properties throughout the book. 

Organic chemistry is discussed in Chapters 23 and 24. Chapter 23 presents the classes of organic compounds, their structures and nomenclature (with major emphasis on the principal functional groups), and some fundamental classes of organic reactions. Chapter 24 presents isomerism and geometries of organic molecules, selected specific types, and an introduction to biopolymers. 

The nomenclature of biochemical compounds is in large measure a part of organic nomenclature. However, it has its own special problems, arising partiy from the fact that many biochemical compounds must be given names before their chemical stmctures have been fully determined, and partiy from the interest in grouping them according to biological function as much as to chemical class. 

The chapters on organic chemistry (Chapters 1-6) were organized around the functional group concept. Each chapter dealt with a particular functional group or related groups. The nomenclature, properties, and uses of the compounds were discussed. The focus is different in this and the next four chapters (lipids, proteins, enzymes, and nucleic acids). Each of these chapters is devoted to a particular class of biomolecules—substances closely associated with life. Reactions and nomenclature receive much less emphasis more... 

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