Organic chemical nomenclature hydrocarbons

Acyclic Hydrocarbons, A knowledge of the structural features of hydrocarbon skeletons is basic to the understanding of organic chemical nomenclature. The generic name of saturated acyclic hydrocarbons, branched or unbranched, is alkane. The term saturated is applied to hydrocarbons containing no double or triple bonds. 

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Rules Concerning Numerical Terms Used in Organic Chemical Nomenclature (specifically as prefixes for hydrocarbons)... 

Two-Dimensional Representation of Chemical Structures. The lUPAC standardization of organic nomenclature allows automatic translation of a chemical s name into its chemical stmcture, or, conversely, the naming of a compound based on its stmcture. The chemical formula for a compound can be translated into its stmcture once a set of semantic rules for representation are estabUshed (26). The semantic rules and their appHcation have been described (27,28). The inverse problem, generating correct names from chemical stmctures, has been addressed (28) and explored for the specific case of naming condensed benzenoid hydrocarbons (29,30). 

Introduction to organic chemistry hydrocarbons and functional groups (structure, nomenclature, chemical properties). Physical and chemical properties of simple organic compounds should also be included as exemplary material for the study of other areas such as bonding, equilibria involving weak acids, kinetics, colligative properties, and stoichiometric determinations of empirical and molecular formulas. 

Introduction to organic chemistry hydrocarbons and functional groups (structure, nomenclature, chemical properties)... 

The principal advances in the systematization of organic nomenclature have come from the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) Commission on the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry, and from the Chemical Abstracts Service. The IUPAC Definitive Rules for Hydrocarbons and Heterocyclic Systems (1957)4 and for Characteristic Groups (1965)5 have been widely accepted by the chemical community, and, in their latest revised form,6 constitute the standard reference work. These rules are closely related to those developed in parallel by Chemical Abstracts for indexing purposes, and it is fortunate that, as a result of close cooperation between the two bodies, there are few areas of disagreement. 

Judging from the number of incorrect names that appear in the chemical literature, it s probably safe to say that relatively few practicing organic chemists are fully conversant with the rules of organic nomenclature. Simple hydrocarbons and monofunctional compounds present few difficulties because the basic rules for naming such compounds are logical and easy to understand. Problems, however, are often encountered with polyfunctional compounds. Whereas most chemists could correctly identify hydrocarbon 1 as 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethylheptane, rather few could correctly identify poly functional compound 2. Should we consider 2 as an ether As an ethyl ester As a ketone As an alkeae It is, of course, all four, but it has only one correct name ethyl 3-(4-methoxy-2-oxo-3-cyclohexenyl)propanoate. 

Rules for lUPAC Notation for Organic Compounds (Longmans, 1961) is based on the Dyson system and provides a linear cipher for all chemical substances of known structure which can be adopted for indexes. It supersedes A Proposed International Chemical Notation (1958). Some useful lists of symbols have also been published e.g. the Manual of Physico-chemical Symbols and Terminology (issued separately and in J. Amer. chem. Soc. 82, 5517-22 (1960), and the now out-of-date Symbols of Thermodynamical and Physico-chemical Quantities and Conventions Relating to their Use Chem. Ind. 15, 860-5 (1937) Analyst 62, 800-5 (1937)), and International Physico-chemical Symbols (Z. Elektrochem. 27, 5TI-yi (1921). Another volume in the Advances in Chemistry series. No. 14, Nomenclature for Terpene Hydrocarbons, describes the system approved by the ACS and accepted in part by lUPAC. 

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