Organic carbohydrate content

Glycoproteins occur in most organisms, from bacteria to humans. Many vimses also contain glycoproteins, some of which have been much investigated, in part because they are very suitable for biosynthetic studies. Numerous proteins with diverse functions are glycoproteins (Table 47-1) their carbohydrate content ranges from 1% to over 85% by weight. 

Waggot and Britcher [38] have discussed experimental considerations in the determination of organic carbon content of sewage effluent. Close attention is paid to the determination of particular classes of organic compounds in sewage including carbohydrates, amino acids, volatiles, steroids, phenols, surface active materials, fluorescent materials, organochlorine pesticides and ethylene diamine tetracetic acid. 

Fruit juices, which have a more complex organic matrix with a significant carbohydrate content, can be analyzed either following dilution, with subsequent centrifugation/filtration [26] or flow injection (FI) introduction [27], or after full... 

Amine oxidases are homodimers with subunit molecular masses generally in the range 70kDa to 95kDa with one copper ion and one organic cofactor per subunit. Eukaryotic amine oxidases are glycoproteins with carbohydrate contents estimated at 3nl0%. Further information on the protein chemistry of amine oxidase can be found in Knowles Yadav (1984) and Pettersson (1985). 

E. herbicola. The resultant organism can carry out both steps a and b of Eq. 20-3 leaving only step c, a nonenzymatic acid-catalyzed reaction, to complete an efficient synthesis of vitamin C from glucose. Higher plants make large amounts of L-ascorbate, which in leaves may account for 10% of the soluble carbohydrate content. However, the pathway of synthesis differs from that in Fig. 20-2. Both D-mannose and L-galactose are efficient precursors. The pathway in Eq. 20-4, which starts with GDP-d-mannose and utilizes known enzymatic processes, has been suggested. The GDP-D-mannose-3,... 

LC continues to be an important tool in fermentation monitoring. Using modern technology, the methods used are sufficiently fast and robust even for fermentation control, for example, to supervise nutrient addition and hence to maintain an optimum environment for the production organisms. Carbohydrates, amino acids, and the content of organic acids, all critical to either the production or the inhibition of production, can all be monitored as described above. 

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