Organic analysis sample preparation, generally

Before the actual sample preparation procedure is described some general observations should first be made. However excellent the sample preparation and however sophisticated the equipment, the accuracy of the analysis will only be as good as the quality of the sample that is taken. If the sample is that of a reaction mixture from an organic synthesis laboratory, it is likely to be taken from a single bottle or container, by a professional chemist, and is likely to be truly representative of the bulk of the material. 

In general, new sample preparation technologies are faster, more efficient and cost effective than traditional sample preparation techniques. They are also safer, more easily automated, use smaller amounts of sample and less organic solvent, provide better target analyte recovery with enhanced precision and accuracy. Attention to the sample preparation steps has also become an important consideration in reducing contamination. A useful general guide to sample preparation has been published [3]. A recent review on sample preparation methods for polymer/additive analysis is also available [4]. 

It is apparent from Chapter 3 that new sample preparation technologies generally are faster, more efficient and cost effective more easily automated and safer use smaller amounts of sample and less organic solvent provide better recovery and meet or exceed precision and accuracy compared to traditional sample preparation techniques. Conventional methods of the analysis of additives in polymers are mostly based on the separation of the polymer matrix and additives by means of extraction. Many extraction principles are... 

The other biological fluid commonly assayed is mine. Unlike plasma or serum this contains only low concentrations of protein so protein removal is not necessary. The composition of urine varies widely and so does the volume passed by different individuals. Generally speaking large volumes are available for analysis. One of the major problems with urine is the large number of small organic compounds that are present. Liquid-liquid extraction (often preceded by conjugate hydrolysis) is often the sample preparation procedure used for urine analysis. 

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