Order detection

Figure 4. Ordered detection limits—alternative literature definitions and proposed...

Fig. 3. Ordered detection limits — 1968. (Reproduced from Ref. 23. Copyright 1968 American Chemical Society.)...

Surface-Induced Order Detected by Deuteron Nuclear Magnetic Resonance... 

The presence or significance of interphase transport resistances is confirmed either by conducting diagnostic experiments or by utilizing a well-established criterion. A preliminary set of experiments that must be conducted in laboratory PBRs in order detect the effect of external mass transport is to measure the dependence of the exit conversion Xa on the linear velocity of the fluid through the catalyst bed, u (m/s), which is in fact the velocity of the fluid relative to the catalyst particles [7, 23]. 

X-ray spectroscopy Analytical method by which a sample is irradiated with X-rays, characteristic radiation being emitted after scattering from the specimen. The detection limits for various elements are of the ordering cm. ... 

The sample is reduced in a hydrogen stream at 800°C in the presence of a nickel catalyst. The ammonia formed is detected by coulometry and the test sensitivity is on the order of one part per million. 

The detectable limits are given for samples such as they are introduced into the apparatus they should be previously diluted in order to be nebulized. It thereby is useful to apply a dilution coefficient, usually at least 10. The dilution depends on the sample viscosity. 

In order to confirm the capability of acoustic emission to detect the evolution of a defect during a pneumatic test, a vessel with a lack of thickness due to the action of corrosion was pressurized pneumatically until burst. 

The case of thin-skin regime appears in various industrial sectors such as aerospace (with aluminium parts) and also nuclear in tubes (with ferromagnetic parts or mild steel components). The detection of deeper defects depends of course on the choice of the frequency and the dimension of the probe. Modelling can evaluate different solutions for a type of testing in order to help to choose the best NDT system. 

Representative set of weldments was examined site welds (with pearlitic type weld metal) and two types of site weld repair zones with different welding technologies using Cr-Ni filler metals and Ni-based alloy. Results of AUGUR 4.2 inspection were compared with manual ultrasonic inspection ones in terms of defect detection, characterization, positioning and sizing in order to estimate correlation between these data. 

In order to reply to some particular cases of NDT such that the detection two close defects and the fine thickness measure, we have developed techniques adapted to this type of problem. 

The geometric compensation by means of a gradiometric coil is realised by placing the SQUID exactly between the two halfs of the coil, in order to detect only the response of the sample. In both cases we could achieve a reduction of the excitation field at the location of the SQUID of up to 1000. Electronic and geometric compensation together leads to an improvement of six orders of magnitude in the dynamic range, compared to a system without excitation field compensation. 

In order to solve the problem of detect control of axial canal without preliminary surface clearing, the eddy-current transformer with operating butt end... 

Therefore, it seems natural to turn to time-frequency techniques in order to perform an efficient defect detection through the signal provided by the sensors. 

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