Orange II dye

Table 2. Sorption of the monovalent anionic dye Orange II (Dye I) by different Nylon 6 membranes at constant dyebath pH...

In Table 3, reactor specifications and experimental conditions used and efficiency obtained for the different reactors are compared. A more practical engineering definition for efficiency is used instead of more scientific quantum efficiency. The efficiency of each of the reactors, expressed in terms of 50% pollufanf converted per unit time per unit reactor volume per unit electrical power consumed, is compared for the same model component (Orange II dye) and same initial concentration... 

Table 3 Comparison of reactor specifications, experimental conditions, and reactor performance efficiency for photocatalytic decomposition of Orange II dye...

Hill has defined a semiinfinite solid as a tissue of irregular shape where no exact mathematical treatment is possible. Alexander and Hudson have shown that this expression applies to the diffusion of orange II dye into... 

Type of keratin fiber % cystine calculated from % sulfur Relative diffusion [103] coefficient at 60°C using orange II dye... 

Maclaren [105] has taken advantage of this counterion effect and has developed a test for the acid-combining capacity of keratin fibers by measuring the uptake of the anion of orange II dye (p-hydroxy-l-naphthyl azobenzenesulfonic acid) from formic acid solution. Robbins et al. [107] have used this test to study the variation in the acid-combining capacity of... 

The formation of 1 1 ion association complex between amodiaquine and Fast Green FCF or Orange II dye has been reported (19). 

Amodiaquine forms a colored ion association complex with Fast Green FCF or Orange II dye. The stoichiometric ratio of the drug-dye complex has been shown to be 1 1. The method can be applied to the assay of amodiaquine in bulk and in pharmaceutical preparations. Sulphur... 

Herney-Ramirez, J., Lampinen, M., Vicente, M., et al. (2008). Experimental Design to Optimize the Oxidation of Orange II Dye Solution Using a Clay-based Fenton-like Catalyst, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 47, pp. 284—294. 

Alkaline Coupling Process. Orange II [633-96-5] (21) (Cl Acid Orange 7 Cl 15510) a monoazo dye discovered ia 1876, serves as an example of the production of an azo dye by alkaline coupling. A suspension of diazotized sulfanilic acid (0.1 mol) is added to a solution (cooled to about 3°C) of 14.4 g 2-naphthol dissolved ia 15 g 30% sodium hydroxide, 25 g sodium carbonate, and 200 mL of water. The temperature should not be allowed to rise above 5°C. The reaction is heated until solution occurs and the dye is precipitated with 100 g sodium chloride. The mixture is cooled and filtered, and the product is dried. 

Kulla HG, F Klausener, U Meyer, B Liideke, T Leisinger (1983) Interference of aromatic sulfo groups in the microbial degradation of the aza dyes Orange I and Orange II. Arch Microbiol 135 1-7. 

Silva AC, Pic JS, Sant Anna GL Jr, Dezotti M (2009) Ozonation of azo dyes (orange II and acid red 27) in saline media. J Hazard Mater 169 965-971... 

However, the ligand itself is the anionic dye formed by deprotonation of the hydroxy group(s). Anionic dyes, even from dyes shown to exist totally in the hydrazone tautomeric form, such as Orange II (9, R = S03H) and Para Red (9 R = N02), have been shown by resonance Raman spectroscopy to exist in the azo form (10).10 This isn t surprising oxygen is... 

Various industrial sectors related to textiles, paper, and photography use dyes of synthetic origin with a complex aromatic molecular structure, which are frequently discharged in industrial effluents. One solution to these environmental problems is to use oxidative enzymes that destroy colored compounds and that may be of practical interest for the decolorization of synthetic dyes. Enzymes such as LiPX and MnPX are involved in the decolorization of synthetic azo dyes, such as Acid Orange II. 

Kerstersia sp. VKY1 Amaranth, Fast R, Ponceau S, Congo R, Orange II, Acid O 12, Acid R 151 The first four dyes decolorized by the bacterium by 100% while the remaining three decolorized by 84, 73 and 44%, respectively, in 24 h [74]... 

Orange II and other azo dyes Biodigester sludge from municipal waste plant augmented with sulfate reducing consortium The dye was decolorized by 95% within 24 h. Several other dyes including Reactive Black 5 and Reactive Red 120 and mixture of dyes were successfully degraded T[185]... 

Zimmermann T, Kulla H, Leisinger T (1982) Properties of purified Orange II azo reductase the enzyme initiating azo dye degradation by Pseudomonas KF46. Eur J Biochem 129 197-203... 

Ong SA, Toorisaka E, Hirata M et al (2005) Treatment of azo dye orange II in a sequential anaerobic and aerobic-sequencing batch reactor system. Environ Chem Lett 2 203-207... 

Decolorization of azo dye Orange II with unidentified fungus F29 in fedbatch fluidized-bed bioreactor was investigated by Zhang et al. [48]. The decolorization rates of immobilized cell into Na-ALG beats (4CM-5 mg/L h) were higher compared with the results of a similar experiment with free cells (30-40 mg/L h). Immobilized mycelia were reused continually for Orange II decolorization for more than 2 months. 

The decolorization of Orange II by immobilized P. chrysosporium in a continuous packed-bed reactor (PBR) was investigated [50]. Nearly complete decolorization (95%) with immobilized fungus on PuF was obtained when working at optimal conditions [dye load rate of 0.2 g/l/d, temperature of 37°C, a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 h], and also oxygen gas in a pulsed flow was applied. A correlation between residual MnP activity and decolorization was observed, but no laccase and LiP enzyme activities were detected. 

Orange II decolorization by immobilized thermotolerant fungus Coriolus versicolor RC3 was investigated [65]. They found that dye decolorization by immobilized fungus on the PuF with 1 g/L of glucose and 0.2 g/L of ammonium oxalate provided a faster decolorization rate. From their results, 1.5 cm1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 of the PuF showed the most suitable size for immobilization when compare with 1.0 and 2.0 cm3 material size. Orange II decolorization efficiency was enhanced when HRT of the system was increased. 

Mielgo I, Moreira MT, Feijoo G, Lema JM (2001) A packed-bed fungal bioreactor for the continuous decolourisation of azo-dyes (Orange II). J Biotechnol 89 99-106... 

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