Optoelectronic systems

Spiropyrans and fulgides bound with biomolecules as photoswitchable biomaterials (a route to optoelectronic systems) 97ACR347. 

The compounds K5Nb3OFi8 and Rb5Nb3OFi8 display promising properties for their application in electronics and optics. The compounds can be used as piezoelectric and pyroelectric elements due to sufficient piezo- and pyroelectric coefficients coupled with very low dielectric permittivity. In addition, the materials can successfully be applied in optic and optoelectronic systems due to their wide transparency range. High transparency in the ultraviolet region enables use of the materials as multipliers of laser radiation frequencies up to the second, and even fourth optical harmonic generation. 

Introduction of chemical sensors for water quality monitoring. This includes parameters like turbidity, color, surface tension, detergent concentrations, pH-value etc. Optoelectronic systems are used to monitor the turbidity of washing water, which then determines the number of rinsing cycles (aqua-sensor system). 

Optoelectronic systems for monitoring the turbidity of washing water allow the number of flushing cycles to be adapted to the actual need. (Aqua-sensor system). 

L. Pavesi, E. Buzaneva, Frontiers of Nano-Optoelectronics Systems, in NATO Science Series II. Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry, vol. 6, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 2000. 

Photoisomerization of the monolayer to the c/s-azobenzene configuration removes the threaded Fc- i-CD to a spatially separated position which retards the electron transfer rate. Therefore, the assembly functions as a molecular optoelectronic system which records optical information and transduces it into an electronic signal. 

Willner I. Photoswitchable biomaterials en route to optoelectronic systems. Acc Chem Res 1997 30 347-356. 

The progress in development of optoelectronics demands the further investigation of new materials and new effects being a basis for the production of various optoelectronic systems. A special interest is focuses on II-VI semiconductor compounds containing 3d transition metals as impurities. Due to the unique combination of physical properties ZnO crystals are potential candidates for numerous industrial applications. 

Willner, I., Doron, A., and Katz, E. Gated molecular and biomolecular optoelectronic systems via photoisomerizable monolayer electrodes./. Phys. Org. Chem. 1998, II, 546-560. 

Pavesi, Lorenzo, and E. V. Buzaneva. Frontiers of Nano-Optoelectronic Systems. Boston Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000. 

Optoelectronic systems (semiconductors modulated by photochromic pigments)... 

It is clear that this volume is truly different from the preceding accounts. Photochemists will appreciate Volume 2 as a nice complement to Volume 1, although it can be read independently. Organic photochromic systems are known for their applications in variable-transmission optical materials, ophthalmic lenses, authentification devices (photochromic inks), and novelty items, but they also have great potential in any domain where reversible physical properties are desired (optical memories, gradation masking, optoelectronic systems, nonlinear optical devices, etc.). This book is thus strongly recommended to anyone interested in materials science. 

Major polymer applications nonnietallic conductors, EMI shielding, battery electrodes, sensors, electronic displays, optoelectronic systems, capacitors, controlled release agents for other components... 

The signal-triggered functions of these molecular assemblies have to be first characterized in bulk solution. Then, extensive efforts have been directed to integrate these photoswitchable chemical assemblies with transducers in order to tailor switchable molecular devices. The redox properties of photoisomerizable mono-layers assembled on an electrode surface are employed for controlling interfadal electron transfer [16]. Specifically, electrical transduction of photonic information recorded by photosensitive monolayers on electrode supports can be used in developing monolayer optoelectronic systems [16-19]. Electrodes with receptor sites exhibiting controlled binding of photoisomerizable redox-active substrates from the solution [20] also allow the construction of molecular optoelectronic devices. 

Willner I, Willner B. 1997. Molecular optoelectronic systems. Adv Mater 9(4) 351 355. 

Optical sensors have been used in many ways to detect physiological variables both in vitro and in vivo. The most frequent biomedical application involves the use of fiber optics within an interluminal catheter or tissue probe with some sort of optical indicator at or near its distal tip. This indicator communicates with body fluids or tissues through a membrane permeable to the analyte but not the indicator so the latter remains in the sensor. The intensity of the light produced or modulated by the indicator is determined by optoelectronic systems back at the proximal end of the catheter or probe. Such devices have many applications in clinical medicine but are particularly important in critical care medicine. 

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