Optimization general procedure

This latter value (tp) is given by power analysis software ancl can be obtained as a power curve. Figure 11.24 shows a series of power curves giving the samples sizes required to determine a range of differences. From these curves, for example, it can be seen that a sample size of 3 will be able to detect a difference of 0.28 with a power of 0.7 (70% of time) but that a sample size of 7 would be needed to increase this power to 90%. In general, power analysis software can be used to determine sample sizes for optimal experimental procedures. 

When washing-off in a jet machine, a combination of liquor exchange and continuous overflow rinsing is advantageous [186]. Optimal rinsing procedures depend on machine parameters and the cost structure of the plant, but in general the most economical system appears to be ... 

Test 3 Examine by thin-layer chromatography, as specified in the general procedure (2.2.27), using as the coating substance a suitable silica gel with a fluorescent indicator having an optimal intensity at 254 nm. 

After a number of attempts to optimize C,C-coupling, two rather general procedures were developed, which can be performed with anions of both primary and secondary AN (Tables 3.31 and 3.32). 

J.B. Schwartz, J.R. Flamholz, R.H. Press, Computer optimization of pharmaceutical formulations I General procedure. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 62(1973) 1165. 

Lindsley and co-workers developed a general procedure towards the collection of diverse heterocyclic scaffolds from common 1,2-diketone intermediates 96. Substituted quinoxalines 97, fused pyrazolo [ 4,5-g ] quinoxalines 98 and imidazolo[3,4-g]quinoxalines 99 as well as pyrido[2,3-fo]pyrazines 100 and Ihicno[3,4-fo Ipyrazincs 101 have been prepared in excellent yields [132] (Scheme 54), employing optimized reaction conditions (microwave heating of equimolar mixtures of 1,2-diketone 96 and diamine components at 160 °C for 5 min in 9 1 MeOH - AcOH). The use of microwave irradiation resulted in reduced reaction times (5 min vs. 2-12 hours), improved yields as well as the suppressed formation of polymeric species a characteristic of traditional... 

In a medicinal chemistry program aiming to discover p38 MAP kinase inhibitors, the group of Skjaerbaeck introduced microwaves in order to achieve aryl decoration of the aniline backbone [81]. A systematic optimization of the catalyst, solvent, base and reaction time/temperature delivered a general procedure for the expeditious production of the desired aryl aminobenzophe-nones within 3-15 minutes, as demonstrated in Scheme 23. 

General Procedure for Hydroarylation of Alkynes 4 and 3-Butyn-2-one 26 by Different Arenes with Ph3PAuCI under Optimized Conditions (Small-scale Experiments)... 

To circumvent this difficulty, a general procedure was developed. After the L-BOVB step, the orbitals are initially subject to localization1 using any standard localization procedure, and then the active orbitals are split while the inactive ones are kept frozen during the optimization process. 

When two or more independent variables affect the factor being optimized, the procedure for determining the optimum conditions may become rather tedious however, the general approach is the same as when only one variable is involved... 

JACOBI ROTATIONS A GENERAL PROCEDURE FOR ELECTRONIC ENERGY OPTIMIZATION ... 

The general procedure for developing discrete US-assisted leaching (DUSAL) is simpler than that of its dynamic counterpart (continuous US-assisted leaching or CUSAL), as the former requires no specific knowledge to design and construct the continuous manifold and optimize interrelated flow variables as in CUSAL. 

We can now formulate hierarchical clustering as a combinatorial optimization problem. To do this we use the general procedure of Wallace and I nade (1990). 

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