Optimal metabolism

J. Nielsen, Principles of optimal metabolic network operation. Mol. Syst. Biol. 3, 126 (2007). 

Liebl A. Challenges in optimal metabolic control of diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2002 18(suppl 3) S36—S41. 

This characteristic energetic relationship between a set of compounds that are intermediates in an evolved metabolism may be a universal biosignature. If an inventory of the small molecules in a suspected living system (on Titan, for example) reveals this characteristic energetic relationship, this may be evidence of Darwinian evolution acting to create an optimal metabolism. 

A proper balance of nutrients is required for plant growth. In marine systems, the stoichiometry of primary production is determined by the ratio of elements in the cytoplasm (Redfield ratio) that supports optimal metabolism of phytoplankton (Redfield, 1958). The C N P ratio is fairly constant in marine phytoplankton, and this ratio in primary producers constrains the cycling of aU elements (Elser et al., 2000). The amount and proportions of nitrogen and phosphorus available determine the amount of carbon fixed by phytoplankton. Limitation by either of these... 

The optimization of the Pareto-optimal metabolic pathway recipe by genetic manipulations shows that the triple-enzyme manipulation has the best non-dominated flux ratios due to the flexibility in changing enzjrmatic reaction rates to enhance the desired flux ratios (Figs.l3.3A and 13.4A). The left and right Pareto-optimal segments of single-enzjmae... 

Table 13.2 Pareto-optimal metabolic pathway recipe for 2-enzyme knockouts represented by the three labelled chromosomes in Fig. 13.2. The flux ratios are listed in the second, third and fourth column (chromosomes Ai, Bi and B2, respectively) for each enzyme. The same enzymes (G6PDH and MetS3mth) are knocked out in both chromosomes Aj and B2.

Reactions catalyzed by CYPs require several elements and generally, although not always, result in oxygenated metabolites. Successful in vitro reactions using microsomal tissues require NADPH and oxygen as essential cofactors. Purified CYP isoforms require a source of lipid, such as phosphatidylcholine, and the ncccs.sary coenzyme NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase. In some cases, other microsomal components, such a.s cytochrome bs, may also be required for optimal metabolic activity. 

Rojo, F. (2010) Carbon catabolite repression in Pseudomonas optimizing metabolic versatility and interactions with the environment. FEMS Microbiol. Rev., 34 (5), 658 -684. 

The ceU optimizes metabolic fluxes subject to a defined criterion. To find and formulate this criterion is part of the model-building process. 

While optimizing metabolic stability [122], SAR studies yielded 29 that demonstrated potency and metabolic stability could be achieved in the same compound. Interestingly the 3,5-difluorophenyl motif gave enhanced stability in vivo (T0.5 2.6 h, F 38% in the rat) compared to the corresponding monofluoro analog. An encouraging pharmacokinetic profile was also seen in the dog (T0.5 3.9 h, F 86%) [123]. 

The integration of optimal metabolic activity in the body depends upon the elaboration of humoral mes-... 

Kim, J. and Reed, J.L. (2010) OptORF optimal metabolic and regulatory perturbations for metabolic engineering of microbial strains. BMC Syst BioL, 4,... 

---