Optically active plastic

The crossed polarizer effects of both types are used in analysis work. The concentration of optically active organic materials is determined by the degree of rotation. In plastic processing the residual strains in molded materials as well as the degree of orientation of polymers is determined by the effect on polarized light. Crossed polarizers are used with special wave plates to control the amount of light that passes through an optical system. 

Babin, J. E. Whiteker, G. T. (Union Carbide Chemicals and Plastics Technology Corpoaration, USA) Asymmetric syntheses using optically active metal-ligand complex catalysts. PCT Int. Appl. 1993, WO 93/03839 Chem. Abstr. 1993, 119, 159872. 

Fig. 2 Schematic representation of optochemical sensors depending on the arrangement of the optically active reagents, a Sin-face optodes reagents are directly immobilized over a solid support by (1) covalent bonding, (2) adsorption or (3) electrostatic interactions or a waveguide or are trapped in a porous matrix (4). b Bulk optodes reagents are dissolved in a plasticizer (5)...

However, in addition to their thermoplasticity, representatives of PHAs have optical activity, increase induction period of oxidation, exhibit the piezoelectric effect and, what is most important, they are characterized as being biodegradable and biocompatible. At the same time, the PHAs have disadvantages (high cost, brittleness), which can be partially or completely compensated by using composite materials based on blends with other polymers, with dispersed fillers or plasticizers. Taking into account all the above, we have suggested to create a mixed polymer composite based on poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and polyisobutylene (PIB). 

Use For the synthesis of camphor and insecticides, as solvents for waxes, and as softeners for plastics. Oxidative cleavage of the double bond in a-R leads to optically active cyclobutane derivatives that can be us as starting materials in the synthesis of cyclobutanoid natural products. 

PROPERTIES OF SPECIAL INTEREST CiystaUine material with mechanical properties comparable to engineering plastics with rigid backbone of 4 helix similar to that of isotactic polyacetaldehyde, completely isotactic nature, and clean degradation to monomer at elevated temperature. Optical activity of polychloral based on macromolecular asymmetry is a new development the values of optical activity of these polymers is in the thousands of degrees. 

Edgar et al. (2001) have focused on the performance of cellulose esters in modern coatings, controlled release of actives, plastics (with particular focus on biodegradable plastics), composites and laminates, optical films, and membranes and related separation media [29]. 

The crossed polarizer effects of both types are used in analysis work. The concentration of optically active organic materials is determined by the degree of rotation. In plastic processing the residual... 

Polyimides, 56, 207, 266 as plasticizers, 513 from MA-diisocyanate reaction, 506 Poly(indene-alt-MA), 376-378, 660 grafted to saturated polymers, 474 optically active polymer, 378 Poly(indole-alt-MA), 387, 394 Poly(isobutene-alt-MA), 338, 339, 586 applications, 447, 449, 586 structure and properties, 339, 433, 436 Poly(isobutenylsuccinic anhydride-alt-MA), 342 Poly(isobutylene), MA grafting procedure, 464 Poly[(isobutylene)-g-MA], 464 Polyisobutylene oligomers, MA ene adducts, 149 Poly(isobutyl-o-vinyl acetal-alt-MA), 328 Poly(isobutyl vinyl ether), 439 Poly(isobutyl vinyl ether-alt-MA), 289, 316,... 

A detailed discussion on possible applications of PHB has been published [2], especially in medicine but considering also its optical activity and piezoelectric properties (by one order of magnitude lower than polyvinylidene fluoride but without interference from pyroelectricity due to temperature changes). Applications in various areas have been discussed not only for PHB but also for other important biodegradable plastics [77]. 

PLA is a compostable/biodegradable plastic derived from the polymerization of lactic acid, which is predominantly produced via fermentation of sugar or starch and, to a lesser extent, via chemical catalysis. Lactic acid exists in optically active d- or L-enantiomers, and their polymer versions are noted as PDLA and PLLA, respectively. The copolymer of the two enantiomers is also called PDLLA. The proportion of the enantiomers in PLA determines its properties and the process used to form the PLA articles (e.g., blow molding, injection molding, thermoforming). 

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