Optical properties photovoltaic solar cell

In recent years much progress has been made in applying polymer nanocomposite technologies on the basis of their optical and electrical properties. As a result of these efforts, polymer nanocomposites are becoming integral to photovoltaic solar cells as well as to other energy-managing devices. 

Since then, a huge number of very different Ca)-polymers have been prepared, and their literature has been widely reviewed [11]. Furthermore, as expected, several polymers showed outstanding properties such as optical limiting [12] or photoinduced electron transfer [13] to name just a few. Notably, however, several polyfullerenes have been employed as active materials in electroluminescent devices [14], non-volatile flash devices [15], as well as in one of the most realistic applications of fullerenes, photovoltaic solar cells [16]. 

The optical properties of electrodeposited, polycrystalline CdTe have been found to be similar to those of single-crystal CdTe [257]. In 1982, Fulop et al. [258] reported the development of metal junction solar cells of high efficiency using thin film (4 p,m) n-type CdTe as absorber, electrodeposited from a typical acidic aqueous solution on metallic substrate (Cu, steel, Ni) and annealed in air at 300 °C. The cells were constructed using a Schottky barrier rectifying junction at the front surface (vacuum-deposited Au, Ni) and a (electrodeposited) Cd ohmic contact at the back. Passivation of the top surface (treatment with KOH and hydrazine) was seen to improve the photovoltaic properties of the rectifying junction. The best fabricated cell comprised an efficiency of 8.6% (AMI), open-circuit voltage of 0.723 V, short-circuit current of 18.7 mA cm, and a fill factor of 0.64. 

The combination of favorable properties of PANI and TiO opens the possibility for various applications of PANI/TiO nanocomposite materials, such as piezoresistivity devices [41], electrochromic devices [99,118], photoelectrochemical devices [43,76], photovoltaic devices/solar cells [44,50,60,61,93,119], optoelectronic devices/UV detectors [115], catalysts [80], photocatalysts [52,63,74,75,78,84,87,97,104,107,121,122,125], photoelectrocatalysts [122,123], sensors [56,61,65,69,85,86,95,120,124], photoelectrochemical [110] and microbial fuel cells [71], supercapacitors [90,92,100,109,111], anode materials for lithium-ion batteries [101,102], materials for corrosion protection [82,113], microwave absorption materials [77,87,89], and electrorheological fluids [105,106]. In comparison with PANI, the covalently bonded PANI/TiO hybrids showed significant enhancement in optical contrast and coloration efficiency [99]. It was observed that the TiO nanodomains covalently bonded to PANI can act as electron acceptors, reducing the oxidation potential and band gap of PANI, thus improving the long-term electrochromic stability [99]. Colloidal... 

Imahori H, Matsubara Y, lijima H et al (2010) Effects of me o-diarylamino group of porph5oins as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells on optical, electrochemical, and photovoltaic properties. J Phys Chem C 114(23) 10656-10665... 

In recent years, great progress has been achieved in the preparation of various types of polymer nanocomposites and in understanding the basic principles that determine their optical, electronic, and magnetic properties. As a result, nanocomposite-based devices such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), photodiodes, and photovoltaic (PV) solar cells have been fabricated and their properties characterized. 

---