Optical processes, reflection measurement

Yeager et al. [3.83, 3.84] investigated Pb UPD in systems Au(lll) or Au (evaporated)/Pb ", H", CIO4 by cyclic voltammetry and optical reflectance measurements. Discontinuous optical parameters and sharp peaks in cyclic voltammograms were interpreted as a first order phase transition involved in the Me UPD process. 

More recently, there have been in-process techniques developed. Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement (FBRN ) uses an immersion probe and is capable of in situ measurement of particle chord length. Obscuration measurement can also be used as an in line size measurement. Acoustic size measurement is also emerging as in-process technique that permits use in heavy slurries that are difficult to measure using optical techniques. 

Diode array and fiber optics technology offers special applications in modular setups, which allow absorption, fluorescence, or reflection measurements alternatively. Thus, remote sensing and process control are typical fields of application. Recently, such instrumentation has gained... 

Manufacturers rely on the ability of MRS for offline identification and classification purposes [297, 298] and on-line for process analysis [299]. In particular, the use of MR fibre optic probes for diffuse reflectance measurements and the minimal requirement for sample preparation minimises the likelihood of additional polymorphic forms being introduced during measurements. 

Our results show that the scaling behavior reported in Ref. 11 originates in the roughness of the underlying quartz substrate and is not intrinsic to the room temperature silver deposition process. Among the systems which we have studied, The films deposited onto optically polished substrates held at low temperature appear to provide the closest experimental realizations of theoretical deposition models. This is reasonable, since restricted growth can be expected at low temperature. Based on comparisons with x-ray reflectivity measurements, we conclude that the fractal dimension deduced from OUT liquid nitrogen isotherms is accurate to 0.1. 

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