Optical basicity scale

Salanne M, Simon C, Madden PA (2011) Optical basicity scales in protic solvents water, hydrogen fluoride, ammonia and their mixtures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 13 6305-6308... 

This chapter aims to summarize most of the findings using optical basicity scale. First, the concepts of optical basicity and of ICP are recalled and some examples given. Then, the choice of ionization potential as a means to account for a thermodynamic selectivity is justified. The linear correlations obtained when plotting AI against the optical basicity are then discussed. Finally, the thermodynamic nature of optical basicity is discussed and attempts to account for the linearity of correlations between AI and A are proposed. 

I Q Optical Basicity A Scale of Acidity/Basicity of Solids and Its Application to Oxidation Catalysis... 

Scale of Optical Basicity of Solid Oxides 10.2.1 After Duffy... 

As first proposed by Duffy et al. [5,6,20-22], the so-called optical basicity characterized by A allows to classify oxides as a scale of acidity that is referred to the same 0 base. It accounts for physical and chemical behavior of phases and gives indications, for example, on the structural modifications in glasses, the effective electronic charge carried by ions in an oxide, the M-0 bond lengths, or on redox equilibria in melted glasses. The optical basicity is built on Lewis acidity concept and is particularly adapted to the study of nonaqueous nonprotonated systems. This... 

As a partial conclusion, we have made available a parameter, Ath, which varies with stoichiometry and with valence, coordination, spin state of cation(s) in the oxide structure, and which is calculable for any oxygen-containing solid. Scales of bulk and of surface acidity/basicity are proposed by using optical basicity as a suitable parameter, which allows to rank oxides, and which can be used for several applications particularly in catalysis as seen further. 

The present procedure is a convenient, one-step method of preparing optically active /raw.s -pin ocarveol. Although lower in yield than the lithium diethylamide procedure, it is more readily adaptable to large-scale work. Moreover, the two methods are complimentary in the conditions required (neutral vs. basic) and in the overall transformation accomplished ... 

A number of optical chemical sensor systems have been developed for food and packaging applications and proven their utility. Some sensors, such as phase-fluorimetric oxygen sensor, have already reached high degree of maturity and demonstrated their potential for use on a mass scale. While the others still require extensive research, development and search for new solutions, so as to match basic practical requirements for such sensors. The experience and lessons learned with current optical sensor systems must be... 

Freely suspended liquid droplets are characterized by their shape determined by surface tension leading to ideally spherical shape and smooth surface at the subnanometer scale. These properties suggest liquid droplets as optical resonators with extremely high quality factors, limited by material absorption. Liquid microdroplets have found a wide range of applications for cavity-enhanced spectroscopy and in analytical chemistry, where small volumes and a container-free environment is required for example for protein crystallization investigations. This chapter reviews the basic physics and technical implementations of light-matter interactions in liquid-droplet optical cavities. 

On a smaller scale many new functional polymers are produced having valuable properties for electrical, optical or magnetic applications. There exist numerous metal catalysed processes and we will discuss only a few to explain basic concepts using both examples from bulk polymers and fine chemical, high-value polymers. 

During the past decade, metal-catalyzed asymmetric reactions have become one of the indispensable synthetic methodologies in academic and industrial fields. The asymmetric isomerization of allylamine to an optically active enamine is a typical example of the successful application of basic research to an industrial process. We believe that Takasago s successful development of large-scale asymmetric catalysis will have a great impact on both synthetic chemistry and the fine chemical industries. The Rh-BINAP catalysts, though very expensive, have become one of the cheapest catalysts in the chemical industry through extensive process development. 

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