Opiates positive effects

ATPase enzymes represent another possible site of opiate interference with Ca + flux, since these enzymes have an important function in active ion transport (83). A number of investigators have reported positive effects of opiates on ATPase activity after in vitro, acute and chronic treatment but no clear pattern emerges from these studies that can adequately explain either acute effects or tolerance development (55, 84-89). 

As far as possible, methadone treatment should mean just that, not methadone plus other medications of potential misuse. The theoretical footing for this is that the majority of the positive evidence for effectiveness relates to methadone alone, although we noted earlier that the main studies did not include individuals who were significant users of non-opiate drugs. 

Baer et al. during 1986 to 1988. Urine was screened by methods in effect in the federal probation system THC metabolite and opiates were screened by EMIT and confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at cutoffs of 100 and 500 ng/mL, respectively. Cocaine metabolites and PCP were screened by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) at cutoffs of 2000 and 500 ng/mL, respectively, and confirmed by GC. Hair testing was by RIA. The RIA procedures, validated by GC/MS, showed no false positives due to cross-reactivity effects. 

The observation that morphine inhibits c-AMP formation stimulated by PGE- led to the hypothesis that inhibition of a prostaglandin-sensitive adenyl cyclase forms the biochemical basis of the analgesic action of opiates. Morphine also prevents PGE- -mediated inhibition of the aggregation of human platelets and the positive chronotropic effects of PGE- and PGE2 on guinea pig atria . Similar to morphine, leucine- and methionine enkephalin inhibit PGE1 stimulated c-AMP formation in hybrid... 

Simon LD, Simon FR, Mohacsi E, Berger L, Simon EJ (1981) Effect of the position of the phenolic groupin morphinans on their affinity for opiate receptor binding. Life Sci 28 2769-2772 SISA (1983) Cambridge, US Pat 4370333... 

In the management of an opiate knockdown agent exposure, early airway and ventilation assessment is essential and intermittent positive pressure ventilation with 100 % oxygen should start as soon as possible if there is a respiratory failure. An antidote to the respiratory depression caused by opiates is naloxone which is used both in anaesthetic and clinical toxicological practice. This is given in doses of 0.4 mg IV repeated until there is a reversal of the respiratory depression. It should be noted that in cases of mixed injury where opioids may have been given for pain relief, the analgesic effect will also be reversed. 

---