Opiates metabolism processes

Several classes of drugs modulate the firing rates or patterns of midbrain dopamine neurons by direct, monosynaptic, or indirect, polysynaptic, inputs to the cell bodies within the ventral mesencephalon (i.e., nicotine and opiates). In contrast, amphetamine, cocaine, and methylphenidate act at the level of the dopamine terminal interfering with normal processes of transmitter packaging, release, reuptake, and metabolism. 

Similar experiments are providing information about physiological processes such as glucose metabolism, the effects of opiate drugs, and the mechanisms of memory retrieval. Without the basic research, PET technology could never have been imagined, and it is just one of the many reasons why we should continue to ask fundamental questions such as, Why are we here and How do things work ... 

In human metabolism, L-lactic acid is formed exclusively and only one L-lactate dehydrogenase is available. Therefore, the intake of larger amounts of D-lactic acid can result in enrichment in the blood and hyperacidity of the urine. For this reason, the WHO recommends a limitation of the intake of D-lactic acid to 100 mg per day and kg of body weight. Apart from the main products mentioned, various aroma substances are formed in the course of fermentation (cf. 10.3.3). In addition, proteolytic and lipolytic processes occur to a certain extent. During proteolysis, peptides can be formed which have opiate activity and hypotensive, immune-stimulating or antimicrobial effects (cf. Literature). 

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