Operating point for

The rate constant k is expressed as k = exp(15.32 - 7,550/T), sec Determine the operating points for both the mass and heat balance equations. 

The operating point for an extnider/die combination may also be determined from equations (4.9) and (4.12) - ignoring leakage flow... 

Find the operating point for the above extruder when it is combined with a die of length 40 mm and diameter 3 mm. What would be the effect on pressure and output if a plastic with viscosity 400 Ns/m was used. 

Consider the fan characteristic curves for two different rotational velocities ft] and n-,. Select the operating point for the characteristic curve as The corresponding point is q,i) for characteristic curve n. ... 

The NPSH at the operating point for the pump determines where the pump can be installed in a piping system to ensure that cavitation will not occur. The criterion is that the pressure head at the suction (entrance) of the pump (e.g., the NPSHA) must exceed the vapor pressure head by at least the value of the NPSH (or NPSHR) to avoid cavitation. Thus, if the pressure at the pump suction is Ps and the fluid vapor pressure is Pv at the operating temperature, cavitation will be prevented if... 

This relation is represented by the straight line CD, which intersects the rate curve at F to give the value of E and F are thus the operating points for the two stages. 

The universal interferometric response of a balanced two-port interferometer is shown in Fig. 11.2 as a function of the fixed phase offset between the two waves. The maximum slope of the intensity curve occurs when the fixed phase offset between the waves is an odd integer of = re/2. These conditions of maximum slope are called the conditions of phase quadrature. There are two quadrature conditions per cycle, with opposite slopes and hence opposite signed responses to modulated phase. These are the positions of maximum phase-to-intensity transduction and are the operating points for interferometric detection of protein or DNA on spinning discs. 

The steady-state equations allow evaluation of the possible steady-state operating points. For the component balance ... 

An alternative to this trial and error procedure for two pumps in parallel is to calculate QT from equation 4.32 for various values of the total head from known values of Q and Q2 at these total heads. The operating point for stable operation is at the intersection of the AhT against QT curve with the A/ts against Qs curve. 

Two centrifugal pumps are connected in series in a given pumping system. Plot total head Ah against capacity Q pump and system curves and determine the operating points for... 

To elucidate the use of TMS systems for the isomerizing hydroformylation, PC was chosen as the solvent for the rhodium catalyst, because the best selectivity to n-nonanal of 95% with a conversion on trans-4-octene of also 95% was achieved in this solvent under single-phase conditions. Dodecane was used as a non-polar solvent for the extraction of the product and p-xylene served as the mediator between the catalyst and the product phase [24]. Appropriate operation points for the reaction within this solvent system were determined by cloud titrations. 

The advantages that may justify the additional costs of reflux at the bottom of a solvent extraction tower are illustrated in Figure 6. Minimum reflux is represented by the tie line from / to fe. Maximum reflux would be represented by the line / to the extract layer which would exist for infinite solvent to feed ratio. Practical operation of the equipment will fall between the limits of minimum and maximum reflux, as represented by fy. The operating point for the enriching section of the extraction column is located by an intersection between the lines erE and fy, and the reflux ratio is the ratio of the distances k e /k e (22). 

Both maximum and minimum limits exist of the solvent/feed ratio. The maximum is the value that locates the mix point M on the binodal curve near the solvent vertex, such as point Mmla on Figure 14.7(b). When an operating line coincides with a tieline, the number of stages will be infinite and will correspond to the minimum solvent/feed ratio. The pinch point is determined by the intersection of some tieline with line RnS- Depending on whether the slopes of the tielines are negative or positive, the intersection that is closest or farthest from the solvent vertex locates the operating point for minimum solvent. Figure 14.9 shows the two... 

When the conditions are such that a lowering of the approach (or Tctws) would require a large increase in fan operating costs (Ml"), the minimum point on the total cost curve (A"). will be above the minimum attainable approach (A ). Conversely, if the approach can be reduced with a small increase in fan operating costs (MT) the optimum operating point for the total system will correspond to the minimum Tctws temperature and therefore would be at the minimum attainable approach (A t). Whichever total... 

Two cases are observed in more detail as specific operating points for a Newtonian flow... 

The basic regulatory control structure outlined above was able to hold the process at the desired operating point for most of the disturbances. However, when manipulated variables hit constraints it was unable to prevent a unit shutdown. The disturbance IDV(6) that shuts off the fresh feed flowrate F,A is probably the most drastic. The resulting imbalance in the stoichiometric amounts of components A and C drives the concentration yA down quite rapidly. The reaction rate slows up, reactor temperature drops, and the process shuts down on high pressure. Since one degree of freedom has been removed by this disturbance, the control structure must be modified with overrides to handle the component balances. 

Thus, configuration C exhibited an operating point for the cruise condition which satisfied all the target emissions simultaneously. Such an operating point was not achievable with jet fuel only, owing to excessive CO and HC at ER low enough to reduce NO to the target level. 

Fig. 4. PolynKTizalion me curve showing stable and unstable operating points for a semibalch emulsion potymerizatioQ-...

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