Opaque definition

This particular technique is suitable only for laboratoiy investigation using tanks that are transparent and well illuminated. It does not lend itself to evaluation of the opaque tanks, nor is it used in any study of large-scale tanks in the field. It is a very minimal requirement for uniformity, and definitions suggested earlier are recommended for use in industrial design. 

For a grey body, the emissivity and the absorptivity are, by definition, independent of temperature and hence equation 9.115 may be applied more generally showing that, where one radiation property (a, r or e) is specified for an opaque body, the other two may be obtained from equations 9.115 and 9.124. KirchofPs Law explains why a cavity with a small aperture approximates to a black body in that radiation entering is subjected to repeated internal absorption and reflection so that only a negligible amount of the incident radiation escapes through the aperture. In this way, a - e = 1 and, at T K, the emissive power of the aperture is aT4. 

Comparison of the fracture surface of the opaque polyethylene layer between the "good" sample (Figures 65(a) and 65(b)) and the "bad" sample (Figures 65(c) and 65(d)) showed a definite difference in appearance. The "good" sample fracture surface showed evidence of ductility in the polyethylene layer. The polyethylene fracture surface of the "bad" sample showed less elongation and had a cleaner appearance that is characteristic of brittle failure. 

Because kinetics deals with the rates of chemical reactions, it is important to establish a definition for reaction rate. Because most reactions occur in or between solutions, it is logical to define reaction rates in terms of changes in concentration. Reaction rate is typically defined as the change in concentration of a reactant or product over time. For example, hydrogen peroxide decomposes slowly over time. Its decomposition is accelerated by heat and exposure to light, and therefore, it is stored in opaque containers. The reaction is represented by the equation ... 

Better spatial definition can be attained using transmission microscopy but the opaqueness of the electrode support negates its effectiveness. The spatial distribution of elements on the surface can be resolved with a scanning Auger microprobe. The problem of electron beam damage to the modified surface has prevented widespread usage. 

A native oxide layer on an n-type mercury cadmium telluride substrate 11 is used in combination with ZnS to provide first level insulation 12. The ZnS is deposited by thermal evaporation and an opaque field plate is provided for signal channel definition. Second level insulation of ZnS is deposited. This layer is thicker than the first level, and is provided with a stepped or sloped geometry under the first level gates. Input and output diodes are provided with MIS guard rings to increase breakdown voltages. 

Fluorescent indicator — A substance that shows definite changes in fluorescence with a change in pH. This kind of indicator is especially useful for the titration of opaque, highly turbid, or deeply colored solutions. A long-wavelength ultraviolet lamp in a dimly lighted room provides the best environment for titrations involving fluorescent indicators [i]. 

Where an opaque colour is required a lake colour is often used. Types of sugar confectionery that fall in to this definition are panned goods, chewing gum, bubble gum, chews, fondant and toffee. 

Consider an opaque gray surface subject to incident radiation G. Employing the definition of (total) emissivity, ( = E/Eb, rearrange the rate of radiation leaving this surface per unit area as... 

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