On the strength

The recovery factor (RF) is in the range 30-70%, depending on the strength of the natural aquifer, or the efficiency with which the injected water sweeps the oil. The high RF is an incentive for water injection into reservoirs which lack natural water drive. 

Rehbinder and co-workers were pioneers in the study of environmental effects on the strength of solids [144], As discussed by Frumkin and others [143-145], the measured hardness of a metal immersed in an electrolyte solution varies with applied potential in the manner of an electrocapillary curve (see Section V-7). A dramatic demonstration of this so-called Rehbinder effect is the easy deformation of single crystals of tin and of zinc if the surface is coated with an oleic acid monolayer [144]. 

As described at the end of section Al.6.1. in nonlinear spectroscopy a polarization is created in the material which depends in a nonlinear way on the strength of the electric field. As we shall now see, the microscopic description of this nonlinear polarization involves multiple interactions of the material with the electric field. The multiple interactions in principle contain infomiation on both the ground electronic state and excited electronic state dynamics, and for a molecule in the presence of solvent, infomiation on the molecule-solvent interactions. Excellent general introductions to nonlinear spectroscopy may be found in [35, 36 and 37]. Raman spectroscopy, described at the end of the previous section, is also a nonlinear spectroscopy, in the sense that it involves more than one interaction of light with the material, but it is a pathological example since the second interaction is tlirough spontaneous emission and therefore not proportional to a driving field... 

Saitta A M, P D Sooper, E Wasserman and M L Klein 1999. Influence of a Knot on the Strength of Pol5 ner Strand. Nature 399 46-48. 

The electrons have a range of kinetic energies and are therefore at different temperatures. Depending on the strength of the applied electric field, some electrons in the swarm will have... 

Because ozone formation occurs only within these microdischarge channels, ozone-production efficiency for the most part depends on the strength of the microdischarges, which is influenced by a number of factors such as the gap width, pressure, properties of the dielectric and metal electrode, power... 

Depending on the strength of the product, Caro s acid should be transported ia accordance with the relevant regulations pertaining to the most appropriate sulfuric acid solution or to those of Hquid oxidizers not otherwise specified (NOS). 

The attenuation of ultrasound (acoustic spectroscopy) or high frequency electrical current (dielectric spectroscopy) as it passes through a suspension is different for weU-dispersed individual particles than for floes of those particles because the floes adsorb energy by breakup and reformation as pressure or electrical waves josde them. The degree of attenuation varies with frequency in a manner related to floe breakup and reformation rate constants, which depend on the strength of the interparticle attraction, size, and density (inertia) of the particles, and viscosity of the Hquid. 

With the acquisition of the Thomson plant and technology, and the constmction of their own plant in Lafayette, Indiana, in the late 1980s, the A. E. Stanley Manufacturing Company dramatically increased crystalline fmctose production. On the strength of a growing appreciation for crystalline fmctose s unique physical and functional properties, its competitive pricing, and its successful penetration of specific mainstream food appHcations, worldwide crystalline fmctose production grew to more than 50,000 metric tons by 1992. In the same time period, crystalline fmctose prices feU dramatically to ca... 

Tensile Strength. The inherent tensile strength of a single asbestos fiber, based on the strength of Si—O—Si bonds ia the siUcate chain, should be near 10 GPa (1.45 x 10 psi) (18). However, iadustrial fibers exhibit substantially lower values, because of the presence of various types of stmctural or chemical defects. 

The method adopted to calculate the sectional modulus is therefore simple and on the safe side. However, to calculate the sectional modulus more accurately or to derive it for any other section of the support than considered here reference may be made to a textbook on the strength of materials or a machine handbook. 

It must be adaptable as the situations within every organization are different and a uniform product development process will not capitalize on the strengths of individual enterprises or address the weaknesses. 

Nabarro, F.R.N (1948) Report, Conference on the Strength of Solids (Physical Society, London) p. 75. 

Molecular interactions are the result of intermolecular forces which are all electrical in nature. It is possible that other forces may be present, such as gravitational and magnetic forces, but these are many orders of magnitude weaker than the electrical forces and play little or no part in solute retention. It must be emphasized that there are three, and only three, different basic types of intermolecular forces, dispersion forces, polar forces and ionic forces. All molecular interactions must be composites of these three basic molecular forces although, individually, they can vary widely in strength. In some instances, different terms have been introduced to describe one particular force which is based not on the type of force but on the strength of the force. Fundamentally, however, there are only three basic types of molecular force. 

The second type of interaction, displacement interaction, is depicted in Figure 10. This type of interaction occurs when a strongly polar solute, such as an alcohol, can interact directly with the strongly polar silanol group and displaces the adsorbed solvent layer. Depending on the strength of the interaction between the solute molecules and the silica gel, it may displace the more weakly adsorbed solvent and interact directly with the silica gel but interact with the other solvent layer by sorption. Alternatively, if solute-stationary phase interactions are sufficiently strong, then the solute may displace both solvents and interact directly with the stationary phase surface. 

Gent, A.N. and Schultz, J., Effect of wetting liquids on the strength of adhesion of viscoelastic materials. J. Adhes., 3, 281-294 (1972). 

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