Omics applications transcriptomics

Many existing chemicals have not been thoroughly evaluated for potential developmental/adult neurotoxicity. Currently there is a need for cost-effective predictive tools and testing methods to generate human safety information to make regulatory decisions. The application of innovative methods such as high content OMICS techniques (transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) (described in Chap. 18) in combination with stable human in vitro... 

Foodomics involves the use of multiple tools to deal with its different applications. Thus, the use of omics tools (as e.g., transcriptomics, proteomics, or metabolomics) is a must in this new discipline. Although a detailed description on these tools is out of the scope of this chapter, some fundamental concepts on different omics techniques are provided below. 

The use of human-derived stable differentiated cultures of target organs will be extremely useful for the discovery and development of new translational biomarkers. Omic technologies such as transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have proven to be excellent tools for understanding drug-induced perturbations, especially when used in combination with appropriate cell culture models [13, 122], The further understanding of how cells differentiate and maintain tissue-specific functions will also be crucial for the discovery of new biomarkers [123]. Importantly, the development of new mechanistically informative biomarkers is not just useful for clinical applications, but these markers will also be useful to drive the development of better, more predictive, human-based in vitro test systems to improve on the predictive power of whole-animal experiments in preclinical testing scenarios. 

Fig. 3 Omics methods and their areas of application. Alterations can be detected at several biological levels in the organism. Transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics have all been employed to detect unintended effects but most published examples relate to metabolomics...

---