Oligosaccharide preparation

Scheme 9.15 Further examples of oligosaccharides prepared using one-phase polymer-supported design.

Figure 8. Gel chromatography on Bio- Gel P2 of oligosaccharide preparations obtained after phage 28 B (A) and phage 36 (B) hydrolysis ofpartially delipidatedS. typhimurium LPS, and on Bio-Gel P6 of pooled fractions 50-60 (C). (A and B reproduced with permission from Ref. 36. Copyright 1979, J. VirolJ...

Major Oligosaccharides Prepared from the Carboxyl-Reduced Concentrate of Glycophosphoceramides of Tobacco Leaves... 

Other workers give different constants for oligosaccharides prepared similarly.303 Care should, however, be exercised in the interpretation of results from experiments which are carried out with crude-enzyme preparations, or on systems which have not been investigated with simple, known derivatives, since these enzymes not only can effect hydrolysis, but also can cause transglycosylation.304... 

TABLE 9.1 Summary of HS/Heparin Oligosaccharides Prepared by the Chemoenzymatic Approach... 

A method is disclosed for preparing a mixture of fructose, glucose, and oligosaccharides prepared from tubers or roots, and the use of the mixture as a filler or bulking agent with a sweet taste. Jerusalem artichoke tubers are used as a source for the ingredients. 

Sato, R., Sawabe, T., and Saeki, H. 2005. Characterization of fish myofibriller protein by conjugation with alginate oligosaccharide prepared using genetic recombinant alginate lyase. J. Food Sci., 70, C58,2005. 

Erhardt FA, Kugler J, Chakravarthula RR, Jordening HJ (2008) Co-immobilization of dextransucrase and dextranase for the facilitated synthesis of isomalto-oligosaccharides preparation, characterization and modeling. Biotechnol Bioeng 100 673-683... 

H. Mou, X. Jiang, and H. Guan, A K-carrageenan derived oligosaccharide prepared by enzymatic degradation containing anti-tumor activity, J. Appl. Phycol., 15 (2003) 297-303. 

There are some comprehensive reviews containing results obtained with a large variety of di- and oligosaccharides prepared by either the reverse hydrolysis or the kinetic approach [1, 4]. Collecting these results here would be repetitive, and I refer to these reviews. However, some recent examples showing some interesting features from a synthetic point of view are discussed in this section. 

Palmacci, E. R., Hewitt, M. C. and Seeberger, P. H. (2001) Cap-Tag -novel methods for the rapid purification of oligosaccharides prepared by automated solid-phase synthesis. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 40(23), 4433—4437. 

J. Bauer and J. Rademann, Hydrophobically assisted switching phase synthesis The flexible combination of solid-phase and solution-phase reactions employed for oligosaccharide preparation, J. Am. Chem. Soc., Ill (2005) 7296-7297. 

There are three general approaches to oligosaccharide preparation. The first approach is the isolation of the desired compound from its natural source. This is, however, a very laborious and time-consuming method and may yield only small quantities of the desired product. The second and most well-established approach is to use chemical synthesis. There are a variety of methods available, but the synthesis is also time-consuming and requires much expertise. Multiple protection and deprotection steps for both donor and acceptor components are necessary to ensure desired regio-and stereoselectivity. 

The oligosaccharides prepared from alginate can exhibit a variety of biological activities, including anti-allergy properties, anti-hypertensive activity, an ability to enhance the growth of human endothelial cells and keratinocytes, and an ability to induce cytokine production [157]. 

Using active carbon colunm and Dowex (IT) column could remove pigment, salt and saponin etc. This was good for later isolation of oligosaccharides. The oligosaccharide preparation then be further separated and purified by Bio-Gel P-2 colunm. The majority fraction of oligosaccharide with DP 6-8 was obtained by this isolation method (Fig.l, II peak). 

Work on the search for a biochemical basis of six different types of sialidosis have centred on the use of two radiolabelled oligosaccharides prepared from human urinary oligosaccharides (12) and (13). ... 

Lopatin, S. A., M. M. Ilyin, V. N. Pustobaev, Z. A. Bezchetnikova, V. P. Varlamov, and V. A. Davankov. 1995. Mass-spectrometric analysis of V-acetylchito-oligosaccharides prepared through enzymic hydrolysis of chitosan. Ana/. Biochem. 227 285-288. 

Vishu Kumar, A. B., Varadaraj, M. C., Gowda, L. R., and Tharanathan, R. N. 2005. Characterization of chito-oligosaccharides prepared by chitosanolysis with the aid of papain and Pronase, and their bactericidal action against Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli. Biochem. J. 391 167-175. 

Chen J, Liang R-h, Liu W, et al. Pectic-oligosaccharides prepared by dynamic high-pressure nnicrofluidization and their in vitro fermentation properties. Carbohydr Polym. 2013 91(1) 175—182. 

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