Oligonucleotide synthesis modified oligonucleotides

Tona, R., and Haner, R. (2005) Synthesis and bioconjugation of diene-modified oligonucleotides. 

William Fraser was born in Hamilton. He studied at the other of the two local universities, Strathclyde, where he obtained a first class B.Sc. honors degree in 1986 and Ph.D. in 1989 under the direction of Professor Colin J. Suckling and Professor Hamish C. S. Wood. He was awarded a Royal Society European Exchange Postdoctoral Fellowship and worked in the laboratories of Professor Albert Eschenmoser at the ETH, Zurich. In 1991, he took up his present position as lecturer in medicinal chemistry at Aston University, Birmingham. His scientific interests include nucleoside and nucleic acid chemistry, solid-supported, synthesis, and study of base-modified antigene oligonucleotides targeted to DNA. 

Furthermore, synthetic oligonucleotide blocks were connected by the same RNA ligase, culminating in the synthesis of E. coli tRNAf and of modified tRNA s. ... 

Figure 4.3 The synthesis of an oligonucleotide from an activated mononucleotide, (a) Adenonine triphosphate (ATP), the substrate of enzymatic nucleic-acid synthesis. (b) An imidazolide of a nucleotide of the kind used in many non-enzymatic template-directed reactions, (c) The synthetic reaction leading to the formation of a trinucleotide. (Modified from Orgel, 2002.)...

Palladium-mediated (Sonogashira) coupling [332] of 5-iodouracil with alkynes can be performed under mild reaction conditions, and is compatible with the supports, linkers, and protective groups used in solid-phase oligonucleotide synthesis (Entries 12 and 13, Table 15.28). This coupling reaction has been used to prepare modified oligonucleotides on polystyrene and on CPG. The reaction of halopyrimidines with amines to yield aminopyrimidines is discussed in Section 10.1.2. 

Other known oligonucleotide analogs include oligomers in which the heterocyclic bases have been modified [155] or replaced by other types of compound [156], Solid-phase syntheses of hybrids of DNA with peptides [157-163], with carbohydrates [164,165], and with PNA (peptide nucleic acids, see Section 16.4.1.2 [166-168]) have also been reported, and several strategies have been developed that enable the preparation of oligonucleotides with a modified 5 - or 3 -terminus [169-174] or of cyclic oligonucleotides [122,175], Various techniques for the parallel solid-phase synthesis of oligonucleotides have been developed for the preparation of compound libraries [176-181],... 

The addition of hapten-labeled primers or nucleotides allowed for the synthesis of modified PCR amplificate during PCR amplification. For immobilization of the functionalized amplificate, either hybridization to complementary solid-phase bound capture oligonucleotides ELOSA [30, 65-67] or coupling of twofold-labeled amplificate to solid-phase-bound STY... 

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