Oligomerization Friedel-Crafts reaction

Some of the organic reactions performed in ILs are hydroformylation, hydrogenation, isomerization, oligomerization, polymerization, C—C bonding, and acid-catalyzed Friedel-Crafts reactions. 

MF5 and MCI5 are strongly electrophilic see Electrophile and Electrophilic Reaction) and catalyze Friedel-Crafts reactions. The HF/TaFs system is a superacid catalyst and has been used in the selective acid-catalyzed isomerization and hydrogenolysis of cycloalkanes. Oligomerization and polymerization of alkynes with Nb and Ta halides as catalysts have been reported see Oligomerization Polymerization by Homogeneous Catalysis) ... 

Another recent patent (22) and related patent application (31) cover incorporation and use of many active metals into Si-TUD-1. Some active materials were incorporated simultaneously (e.g., NiW, NiMo, and Ga/Zn/Sn). The various catalysts have been used for many organic reactions [TUD-1 variants are shown in brackets] Alkylation of naphthalene with 1-hexadecene [Al-Si] Friedel-Crafts benzylation of benzene [Fe-Si, Ga-Si, Sn-Si and Ti-Si, see apphcation 2 above] oligomerization of 1-decene [Al-Si] selective oxidation of ethylbenzene to acetophenone [Cr-Si, Mo-Si] and selective oxidation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone [Mo-Si], A dehydrogenation process (32) has been described using an immobilized pincer catalyst on a TUD-1 substrate. Previously these catalysts were homogeneous, which often caused problems in separation and recycle. Several other reactions were described, including acylation, hydrogenation, and ammoxidation. 

Benzyl Alcohols. Benzyl alcohols of nearly all kinds undergo reduction when treated with acid in the presence of organosilicon hydrides. The most obvious exception to this is the behavior of benzyl alcohol itself. It resists reduction by the action of trifluoroacetic acid and triethylsilane, even after extended reaction times.26 Reducing systems consisting of triethylsilane and sulfuric acid/acetic acid or p-toluenesullonic acid/acetic acid mixtures also fail to reduce benzyl alcohol to toluene.134 As previously mentioned, substitution of boron trifluoride for trifluoroacetic acid results in the formation of modest yields of toluene, but only when a very large excess of the silane is used in order to capture the benzyl cation intermediate and suppress Friedel-Crafts oligomerization processes.129,143... 

Ionic liquids can be used as replacements for many volatile conventional solvents in chemical processes see Table A-14 in the Appendix. Because of their extraordinary properties, room temperature ionic liquids have already found application as solvents for many synthetic and catalytic reactions, for example nucleophilic substitution reactions [899], Diels-Alder cycloaddition reactions [900, 901], Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation reactions [902, 903], as well as palladium-catalyzed Heck vinylations of haloarenes [904]. They are also solvents of choice for homogeneous transition metal complex catalyzed hydrogenation, isomerization, and hydroformylation [905], as well as dimerization and oligomerization reactions of alkenes [906, 907]. The ions of liquid salts are often poorly coordinating, which prevents deactivation of the catalysts. 

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