Of nitrogen-containing carbohydrates

R. D. Guthrie and D. Murphy, Nitrogen-containing carbohydrate derivatives. Part IX. Synthesis of 2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxy derivatives, J. Chem. Soc. p. 6956 (1965). 

Chapters 12-16, 17-23 Organization of carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, and the metabolism of nitrogen-containing compounds, respectively, into self-contained units. 

This text is divided into seven parts part l, An Overview of Biochemical Structures and Reactions That Occur in Living Systems part 2, Protein Structure and Function part 3, Catalysis part 4, Metabolism of Carbohydrates part 5, Metabolism of Lipids part 6, Metabolism of Nitrogen-Containing Compounds and part 7, Storage and Utilization of Genetic Information. 

Yu. A. Zhdanov, Yu. E. Alekseev, T. P. Sudareva, and V. M. Khar kovskii, Aminolysis of carbohydrate lactones and esters a simple path to nitrogen-containing carbohydrate compounds and their precursors, Zh. Obshch. Khim. (Russ.), 62 (1992) 2587-2592. 

Unlike most carbohydrate and lipid, protein contains nitrogen required for incorporation into a wide range of compounds (Table 22-4). Although the synthesis of proteins fixes nitrogen into those proteins, they are synthesized in direct response to specific needs. Dietary protein nitrogen is used for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing compounds in response to specific hormones suchas insulin. 

The differences in the mode of participation of nitrogen-containing, complex neighboring groups under neutral and basic conditions has been reviewed by Winstein and coworkers S a number of examples in the carbohydrate field supplement these observations. 

In this chapter, we describe the major classes of carbohydrates and lipids and some of the classes of nitrogen-containing compounds. The structures of amino acids, proteins, the nucleic acids, and vitamins are covered in more detail in subsequent chapters. 

Amino sugars are structural components of a broad group of substances such as mucopolysaccharides and chitin. Approximately 5-10% of organic N in the surface layer of most soils can be accounted for as nitrogen-containing carbohydrate or amino sugars. 

J. Cleophax, S. D. Gero, J. Hildesheim, A.-M. Sepulchre, R. D. Guthrie, and C. W. Smith, Nitrogen-containing carbohydrate derivatives. XXIV. Synthesis of some V-substituted methyl... 

Examples are the uptake of amino acids resulting from the hydrolysis of dead bodies by the protoplasm of bacteria, or by fui and in the soil, the formation of nitrogen-containing humus, by combination of carbohydrates and nitrogenous compounds. 

A complex nitrogen-containing carbohydrate which is a major component of the cuticles or shells of insects, lobsters, shrimp, crayfish, and similar animals. It is not digestible in the human digestive tract. Therefore, it provides mainly bulk to those who eat the chitinous membranes. 

Aqueous aza-Diels-Alder reactions of chiral aldehydes, prepared from carbohydrates and with benzylamine hydrochloride and cyclopentadiene, were promoted by lanthanide triflates (Eq. 12.65).137 The nitrogen-containing heterocyclic products were further transformed into aza sugars, which are potential inhibitors against glycoprocessing enzymes. 

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