Of ethyl acetate

CH3COOH + HOC2H5 - CH3GOOC2H3 + H2O If, however, concentrated sulphuric acid is present, the water is absorbed, the back reaction prevented, and a high yield of ethyl acetate is obtained. In practice the reaction is not so simple. It was formerly supposed that, since the sulphuric acid is usually added to the alcohol, ethyl hydrogen sulphate and water are formed, the latter being absorbed by the excess of sulphuric acid, A mixture of ethanol and acetic acid is then added to the ethyl hydrogen sulphate,... 

Actually 50 g. of ester were obtained. Hence yield of ethyl acetate... 

Similarly, since 60 g. of acetic acid should theoretically give 88 g. of ethyl acetate, 52 g. should give 77 g. of the ester, and hence the yield. 

Place 5 mi. of ethyl acetate in a 100 ml. round-bottomed flask, and add about 50 ml. of 10% sodium hydroxide solution, together with some fragments of ungiazed porcelain. Fit the flask with a reflux water-condenser, and boil the mixture gently over a wire gauze for 30 minutes. Now disconnect the condenser, and fit it by means of a bent delivery-tube (or knee-tube ) to the flask for direct distillation (Fig. 59, or Fig. 23(0), p. 45). Reheat the liquid, and collect the first 10 ml. of distillate, which will consist of a dilute aqueous solution of ethanol. Confirm the presence of ethanol by the iodoform test Test 3, p. 336). 

Hydrolysis of Ethyl Acetate (Semi-Micro Scale)... 

It is readily prepared by the action of metallic sodium on dry ethyl acetate. The reaction, which occurs only in the presence of a trace of ethanol, is complex, but may be considered (in effect) as a condensation of two molecules of ethyl acetate under the influence of sodium ethoxide, the sodium derivative of the enol form being thus obtained. Clearly, only a trace of ethanol is thus initially... 

Ester formation. Add carefully 1 ml. of the liquid to i ml. of ethanol and then warm gently for i minute. Pour into water, make alkaline with aqueous Na2C03 solution (to remove HCl and other acid fumes), and note the odour of ethyl acetate or ethyl benzoate. 

Ethyl acetate. Various grades of ethyl acetate are marketed. The anhydrous comjjound, b.p. 76-77°, is of 99 per cent, purity, is inexpensive, and is suitable for most purposes. The 95-98 per cent, grade usually contains some water, ethyl alcohol and acetic acid, and may be ptuified in the following manner. A mixture of 1 litre of the commercial ethyl acetate, 100 ml. of acetic anhydride and 10 drops of concentrated sulphuric acid is refluxed for 4 hours and then fractionated. The distU-late is shaken with 20-30 g. of anhydrous potassium carbonate, filtered and redistilled. The final product has a purity of about 99-7% and boils at 77°/760 mm. 

Ethyl acetoacetate may be prepared by the action of sodium upon dry ethyl acetate and decomposition of the resulting sodio compound with dilute acetic acid. Most samples of ethyl acetate contain some ethyl alcohol and it is usually assumed that sodium ethoxidc is the condensing agent ... 

The formation of ethyl acetoacetate is an example of a general reaction knowu as the acetoacetlc ester condensation in which an ester having hydrogen on the a-carbon atom condenses with a second molecule of the same ester or with another ester (which may or may not have hydrogen on the a-carbon atom) in the presence of a basic catalyst (sodium, sodium ethoxide, sodamide, sodium triphenylmethide) to form a p-keto-ester. The mechanism of the reaction may be illustrated by the condensation of ethyl acetate with another molecule of ethyl acetate by means of sodium ethoxide. ... 

Reaction of the cnrbaiilon (acetone anion) with the carbonyl carbon of ethyl acetate, accompanied by the release of an ethoxide ion, to form acetyl-acetone ... 

Ethanol (industrial solvent used in preparation of ethyl acetate unleaded gasoline additive)... 

In one of the earliest kinetic studies of an organic reaction earned out m the nine teenth century the rate of hydrolysis of ethyl acetate m aqueous sodium hydroxide was found to be first order m ester and first order m base... 

Step 1 Proton abstraction from the a carbon atom of ethyl acetate to give the corresponding enolate... 

Two examples from the analysis of water samples illustrate how a separation and preconcentration can be accomplished simultaneously. In the gas chromatographic analysis for organophosphorous pesticides in environmental waters, the analytes in a 1000-mL sample may be separated from their aqueous matrix by a solid-phase extraction using 15 mb of ethyl acetate. After the extraction, the analytes are present in the ethyl acetate at a concentration that is 67 times greater than that in... 

Ethyl acetate [141-78-6] is produced commercially by the Tischenko condensation of acetaldehyde using an aluminum ethoxide catalyst (60). The Tischenko reaction of acetaldehyde with isobutyraldehyde [78-84-2] yields a mixture of ethyl acetate, isobutyl acetate [110-19-0] and isobutyl isobutyrate [97-85-8] (61). 

Other acetyl chloride preparations include the reaction of acetic acid and chlorinated ethylenes in the presence of ferric chloride [7705-08-0] (29) a combination of ben2yl chloride [100-44-7] and acetic acid at 85% yield (30) conversion of ethyUdene dichloride, in 91% yield (31) and decomposition of ethyl acetate [141-78-6] by the action of phosgene [75-44-5] producing also ethyl chloride [75-00-3] (32). The expense of raw material and capital cost of plant probably make this last route prohibitive. Chlorination of acetic acid to monochloroacetic acid [79-11-8] also generates acetyl chloride as a by-product (33). Because acetyl chloride is cosdy to recover, it is usually recycled to be converted into monochloroacetic acid. A salvage method in which the mixture of HCl and acetyl chloride is scmbbed with H2SO4 to form acetyl sulfate has been patented (33). 

The drying-time comparisons are based on the use of ethyl acetate as standard at 10. Acetone is about twice as fast as ethyl acetate and is Hsted as 5. 

The alcohols, proprietary denatured ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol, are commonly used for E-type inks. Many E-type inks benefit from the addition of small amounts of ethyl acetate, MEK, or normal propyl acetate to the solvent blends. Aromatic hydrocarbon solvents are used for M-type inks. Polystyrene resins are used to reduce the cost of top lacquers. T-type inks are also reduced with aromatic hydrocarbons. Acryflc resins are used to achieve specific properties for V-type inks. Vehicles containing vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate copolymer resins make up the vinyl ink category. Ketones are commonly used solvents for these inks. 

This was first demonstrated ia 1862 by Berthelot and Saint-Gibes (32), who found that when equivalent quantities of ethyl alcohol and acetic acid were abowed to react, the esterification stopped when two-thirds of the acid had reacted. Sinularly, when equal molar proportions of ethyl acetate and water were heated together, hydrolysis of the ester stopped when about one-third of the ester was hydroly2ed. By varyiag the molar ratios of alcohol to acid, yields of ester >66% were obtained by displacement of the equbibrium. The results of these tests were ia accordance with the mass action law shown ia equation 5. 

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