Odocoileus hemionus columbianus black-tailed

As a result of nuclear weapons testing, mandibles of Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) from California increased from <9 Bq 90Sr/kg ash weight (AW) to >204 Bq/kg AW between 1952 and 1960 (Table 32.14) (Schultz and Longhurst 1963). Age and season affected strontium kinetics in male mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) during the period of antler... 

Black-tailed deer, Odocoileus hemionus columbianus, California Muscle vs. rumen contents, 1968-69, 137Cs ... 

Book, S.A. 1969. Fallout Cesium-137 Accumulation in Two Subpopulations of Black-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus). M.A. thesis, Univ. California, Berkeley. 61 pp. 

Tarsal, metatarsal, caudal, interdigital and preorbital glandular structures have been described in the black-tailed deer, Odocoileus hemionus columbianus. The tarsal organ received considerable attention from chemists and behavioral scientists during the early years of chemical research on mammalian semiochemicals. The major constituent of the complex mixture of volatile compounds associated with the tarsal hair tuft of this mule deer, (Z)-6-dodecen-4-olide [ 125], was subsequently found to be a mixture of the R and S enantiomers in a ratio of 89 11 respectively [ 126]. It was later found that this compound does not originate in the tarsal structure itself, but that it is extracted from the animal s urine by the tarsal hair tuft, which is specially adapted to extract lipids from urine [127]. 

At monthly intervals since summer 1980, wildlife biologists have conducted systematic observations of animal recovery in the blast zone. As the renewed vegetative cover progressed, nearly all animals including upland species, fish and birds known to have existed on harvested lands in the area prior to the eruption have been detected. Most notable among the game species to rapidly recover were the Roosevelt elk ( Cervus elaphus roosevelti) and black tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus). 

MUUer-Schwarze D (1972) The responses of young black-tailed deer Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) to predator odors. J Mammal 53 393-598 Nolle DL, Mason JR, Epple G, Aronov E, Campbell DL (1994) Why are predator urines aversive to prey J Chem Ecol 20 1505-1516... 

Mtlller-Schwarze, D., 1970, Pheromones in black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus), Anim. Behav. 19 141-152. 

Sullivan, T.R, Nordstrom, L.O. Sullivan, D.S. 1985b. Use of predator odors as repellents to reduce feeding damage by herbivores. II. Black-tailed deer Odocoileus hemionus columbianus). J. Chem. Ecol., II, 921—935. 

Flehmen (or lipcurl) is a response of male mammals primarily to female urine. It is seen primarily during the reproductive season and might function as a means of transport of chemicals to the vomeronasal organ (286). To elucidate the components of female urine which release the flehmen. Crump et al. (277) fractionated the urine of black-tailed deer Odocoileus hemionus columbianus and observed that behavioral responses disappeared completely before fractionation had reached the level of a single component. Similar results were found with beaver (287). 

Another radionuclide that has been commonly used in physiological studies of terrestrial animals is tritium. As stated in Section 8.2.1, water can be labeled as HTO and the compound used to study the water pool in plants. Somewhat similarly, total body water and water turnover in mammals can be studied. Longhurst et aL (1970) utilized HTO to compare water kinetics in winter and summer Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) and domestic sheet (Ovis aries). The animals were injected intravenously with 8 mCi HTO, and blood samples were collected periodically and examined for radioactivity with a liquid scintillation counting system. In a water-turnover study in mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), Knox et aL (1969) also used HTO and observed that the biological half-life of HTO differed in animals maintained in a 0.9 X 1.5 m metabolism stall from that in the same animals maintained in a 4.6 X 5.8 m room. 

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