Octane rating, of gasoline

Small amounts of tert butyl methyl ether increase the octane rating of gasoline Before environmental concerns placed limits on its use the demand for MTBE exceeded the supply... 

Reforming (Section 2 16) Step in oil refining in which the pro portion of aromatic and branched chain hydrocarbons in petroleum is increased so as to improve the octane rating of gasoline... 

Uses. Diketene is described as having bactericidal activity (136,137). It also raises the octane rating of gasoline (138) but is not used for these purposes in the Western world. 

By the early 1930s, thermal cracking had achieved a fairly high level of operation. Both the Dubbs (UOP) and Tube-and-Tank (Jersey Standard) Processes represented the state of the art in the field. Between the end of World War I, when the Burton Process was still revolutionary, and the early 1930s, octane ratings of gasoline increased 36 percent. This improvement resulted from the existence of more advanced thermal plants and the increasing use of additives, espe-... 

RCH [Ruhrchemie] A process for increasing the octane rating of gasolines by catalytic isomerization of the olefin fraction, the double bonds migrating from the terminal positions. Developed by Ruhr Chemie in the 1940s. 

The other large-scale ethanol user is the USA, where ethanol has been used to increase the octane rating of gasoline, to decrease carbon monoxide emissions, and, more recently, to replace MTBE (methyl tert-butyl ether) in reformulated gasoline. Ethanol production in the USA grew from about 0.6 billion liters in 1980 to... 

In little more than half of the 25 years covered by this symposium, catalytic cracking has been developed from its first acceptance to a major industrial process. It has served to increase the amount and octane rating of gasoline and the amounts of valuable C3 and C gas components obtainable from petroleum feed stocks over those from thermal cracking alone. It is therefore of interest to seek an explanation of the nature of the products obtained in catalytic cracking in terms of the hydrocarbon and catalyst chemistry which has been developed within the past 25 years. 

But how did it get there The likelihood is that someone with a bit of chemical knowledge, but not enough, added thallium compounds to local gasoline supplies to improve its performance. These compounds are similar in chemical behavior to tetraethyl lead, which increases the octane rating of gasoline. Thallium was likely released in car exhaust and eventually found its way into the children s bodies. 

C.3 Draw the structural formulas of (a) 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, (CH3)3CCH2CH(CH3)2, which is also called isooctane and is used to raise the octane rating of gasoline (b) 2-methyl-1-propanol, which is commonly sold as isobutyl alcohol and used to make fruit flavorings. 

The octane rating of isooctane is 100, that of octane is close to 0. To improve the octane rating of gasoline, some of the octane is converted into isooctane. 

The following compound, known commonly as isooctane, is used as a reference substance for determining the octane rating of gasoline. What is the IUPAC name of isooctane ... 

Other things equal, branched hydrocarbons have higher octane ratings than unbranched ones. —> Isomerization and aromatization are used to improve octane rating of gasoline Isomerization is used to convert straight chain hydrocarbons to branched ones ... 

Ethanol, a renewable fuel, also increases the octane rating of gasoline. 

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