Gasoline octane ratings

Refinery Pool—An expression for the mixture obtained if all blending stocks for a given type of product were blended together in production ratio. Usually used in reference to motor gasoline octane rating. 

Isobutane and the gases in the monoolefin series are used less extensively than propane and butane. Isobutane and isobutylene are used in manufacturing alkylate for increasing gasoline octane ratings. Isobutylene is employed in the manufacture of syn-... 

Small amounts of tert butyl methyl ether increase the octane rating of gasoline Before environmental concerns placed limits on its use the demand for MTBE exceeded the supply... 

Octane rating (Section 2 16) The capacity of a sample of gasoline to resist knocking expressed as a number equal to the percentage of 2 2 4 trimethylpentane ( isooctane ) in an isooctane-heptane mixture that has the same knocking characteristics... 

Reforming (Section 2 16) Step in oil refining in which the pro portion of aromatic and branched chain hydrocarbons in petroleum is increased so as to improve the octane rating of gasoline... 

Uses. Diketene is described as having bactericidal activity (136,137). It also raises the octane rating of gasoline (138) but is not used for these purposes in the Western world. 

The normal paraffins produced are raw materials for the manufacture of biodegradable detergents, plasticizers, alcohols, and synthetic proteins. Removal of the / -paraffins upgrades gasoline by improving the octane rating. 

An octane rating scale was devised for fuels to quantify their knock resistance. Further research led to cataloguing the antiknock qualities of the myriad individual hydrocarbon species found in gasoline. 

By the early 1930s, thermal cracking had achieved a fairly high level of operation. Both the Dubbs (UOP) and Tube-and-Tank (Jersey Standard) Processes represented the state of the art in the field. Between the end of World War I, when the Burton Process was still revolutionary, and the early 1930s, octane ratings of gasoline increased 36 percent. This improvement resulted from the existence of more advanced thermal plants and the increasing use of additives, espe-... 

An alternative method for separating the hutenes is hy extracting isobutene (due to its higher reactivity) in cold sulfuric acid, which polymerizes it to di- and triisohutylene. The dimer and trimer of isobutene have high octane ratings and are added to the gasoline pool. 

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