Occurrence paper chromatography

Perry, T. L. and Schroeder, W. A., The occurrence of amines in human urine determination by combined ion exchange and paper chromatography,... 

Fifty years after the discovery of apiose, a review of the literature1 showed that it was still a curiosity, and had been found only in the parsley plant. Apart from its structure, and those of the flavonoids from which it was isolated (primarily, apiin), little else was known about apiose. In the next two decades, this branched-chain sugar was shown to have very widespread occurrence in the plant kingdom, being identified, in most of the plants investigated,4-6 by paper chromatography. 

Paper chromatography has been very widely used to analyze mixtures of the simple sugars and their phosphates, and to elucidate polysaccharide structures. The interest in these compounds is great. They have a widespread occurrence in complex natural mixtures which, before the advent of paper chromatography, presented exceedingly difficult, if not unsolv-able, problems in separation and purification. 

Aldolizations of trioses, with formation of hexoses, have been observed in several investigations. Meyerhof estimated that the triose-hexose equilibrium mixture from the condensation of OL-glycerose with 1,3-dihydroxy-2-propanone (in trisodium phosphate solution) contained 92% of hexose. Berl and Feazel, in their kinetic examination of this aldolization in sodium hydroxide solution, were unable to detect any triose by paper chromatography at the end of the reactions. Pyruvaldehyde formation complicates any glycerose or 1,3-dihydroxy-2-propanone reaction in alkaline medium, and this fact probably accounts for some of the disappearance of triose from these mixtures. Nevertheless, aldolizations of these short-chain sugars are side reactions to be reckoned with, whenever circumstances permit their occurrence. 

Occurrence and preparation. The major heptose of the LPS of Vibrio cholera Inaba 569B was proved to be D-glycero-h-manno-heptose (47), by isolating the sugar through repeated purification on paper chromatography, and was confirmed by comparison with an authentic sample (synthesized via condensation of nitromethane with D-galactose).246... 

G.l.c. papers of interest include the classification of 22 acyclic monoterpenoid alcohols according to retention indexes, resolution of cyclic ketones [e.g. ( )-menthone, ( )-isomenthone] as diethyl (+)-tartrate acetals, and the use of lanthanide shift reagents to resolve non-terpenoid racemic epoxides.The occurrence and prevention of monoterpenoid hydrocarbon isomerization during silica gel chromatography has been examined and the separation of monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids by gel permeation chromatography is reported. Monoterpenoid hydrocarbons have been selectively extracted from essential oils using dimethylsilicone. ... 

Recently, with the aid of the new, efficient methods of detection, e.g., paper and thin-layer chromatography, clavine alkaloids have also been found to occur in ergot obtained from rye. Furthermore, in 1960, Hofmann and Tscherter surprisingly found the occurrence of alkaloids of the clavine type in higher plants, i.e., in genera of the family of twining plants (Convolvulaceae) (70, 71). 

---