Oak sawdust

Bram sPowder.A mixt of K nitrate, K chlorate, charcoal oak sawdust 60, saturated with NG 40%... 

A series of feeding trials using sheep and cattle were conducted using oak sawdust. In addition, a measurement was made on the influence of the digestive process upon wood fiber. The feeding trials will be described and results reported in the order in which the tests were run. 

Results of the sheep trial are presented in Table II. The pen of lambs fed basal plus 2.5% oak sawdust made greater daily gain than the other pens and used the least feed per unit of gain. These differences, however, were not statistically significant. Including either oak sawdust or oyster shell appeared to improve animal performance over the basal (all-concentrate) ration. When the lambs were slaughtered, the rumens from all treatment groups were free of parakeratosis. 

Table III. Performance Data for Yearling Steers Fed Rations Containing Oak Sawdust...

Cellulose digestibility declined with the additions of sawdust, Table VI. This was expected since extensive nylon bag digestibility data for various waste wood materials including oak sawdust revealed apparent dry matter digestion coefficients below 20, usually less than 5, Table VII. 

The results of these feeding trials with lambs and yearling steers show oak sawdust to be a useful roughage substitute for use in rations constituted primarily of concentrates. Rumen parakeratosis in cattle was not prevented when the ration contained 2.5% of oak sawdust, but its incidence was materially reduced when 10% of sawdust was used. Adding 10% of sawdust to the ration for sheep and cattle did not adversely affect feed efficiency. Therefore, there was a net improvement in feed efficiency in terms of the concentrate portion of the ration. 

Table IX. Coastal Hay or Oak Sawdust in Steer Fattening Feed Formula ...

Ground shelled com Cottonseed meal (41%) Coastal hay or oak sawdust Salt, trace mineralized Defluorinated phosphate Vitamin A Vitamin D Aureomycin... 

Table X. Oak Sawdust vs. Coastal Hay in Lamb Fattening Rations...

For cattle in this test, 15% oak sawdust in the ration apparently was too much. Also, rumen parakeratosis was not prevented by this level of sawdust. In the trial reported above, a ration containing 10% of sawdust lowered the incidence of rumen parakeratosis and improved feed efficiency over an all-concentrate diet. Therefore, these data seem to indicate that sawdust can be added to steer rations with favorable results up to a level of 10% of the mixture. Perhaps fully to control rumen parakeratosis some other dietary factor will be required along with sawdust. 

Table XI. Steers Fed Rations Containing 15% of Either Oak Sawdust or Coastal Hay...

Oak sawdust proved more valuable than oyster shell as a roughage factor in all concentrate mixtures for slaughter cattle and sheep. 

At a level of 10% of the total ration, oak sawdust proved equal in value to ground coastal bermudagrass hay. 

Oak sawdust was effectively used in a pellet formulated for feeding with whole shelled com. 

Oak sawdust (30% mixture) effectively served as a diluter for ad libitum feeding a corn ration to cattle held for later finishing. 

Oak sawdust is changed by the digestive process so that it is more susceptible to hydrolysis by 3% hot H2S04. 

Alternative fruiting substrates include alder or oak sawdust and bran mixed 4 1 with a moisture content of 60% and sterilized at 1 5 psi for 1 -1 Vz hours. Fortified rye grass straw has also been used as a sterile fruiting medium. (See Chapter III). 

Gasification of Oak Sawdust, Mesquite, Corn Stover, and Cotton Gin Trash in a Countercurrent Fluidized Bed Pilot Reactor... 

This paper reports the results of a comparison of the gasification of various biomass residues in the Synthesis Gas From Manure (SGFM) pilot plant. The residues evaluated include oak sawdust, mesquite, corn stover, and cotton gin trash. The SGFM process is based on a countercurrent, fluidized bed reactor. In this system, biomass is fed to the top of the reactor. As a result, the fresh feed is partially dried by direct contact with hot product gas prior to entering the reaction zone. This process has been described in detail by various researchers (1-4). 

The oak sawdust used in this study was obtained from Missouri. Figure III gives the particle size distribution of the sawdust. 

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