O Blood-Group Substances

The reaction of partially purified, lima-bean lectin with hog gastric-mucin type A substance exemplified the precipitin-like curve obtained for lectin-polysaccharide or -glycoprotein reactions.103 Classical precipitin-curves between purified components II and III and type A blood-group substance were also obtained.151,199 Maximal precipitation of component II (equivalence) occurred at a lower ratio of A substance per mole of protein than for component III. Under conditions where type A substance precipitated 90% of the lectin, types A2 and B precipitated151,199 66 and 13%, respectively, of component II, and 21 and 0% of component III. Neither of the lima-bean lectins precipitated with type O blood-group substance. 

Give L-fucose ("Chemical Connections A, B, AB, and O Blood Group Substances") a name incorporating the prefix decay- that shows its relationship to galactose. 

The ABO substances have been isolated and their structures determined simphfied versions, showing only their nonreducing ends, are presented in Figure 52—6. It is important to first appreciate the structure of the H substance, since it is the precursor of both the A and B substances and is the blood group substance found in persons of type O. H substance itself is formed by the action of a fiicosyltransferase, which catalyzes the addition of the terminal fiicose in al —> 2 linkage onto the terminal Gal residue of its precursor ... 

King and Morgan obtained a very active blood group substance from the cystic fluids of individuals of group A and were able to show that it was very similar in properties to the substance they obtained from hog mucin. More recently Morgan and Waddell have reported the isolation of the corresponding O material from group 0 cystic fluid. The sub-... 

Although no complete investigations of the structure of the blood group substances have yet been reported, it is evident from the information available that all the material so far studied is predominantly carbohydrate in nature, and, as can be seen from Table III, preparations from widely different sources have many properties in common, for example, elementary analysis, specific rotation and the like. It is of interest to note that almost all the substances obtained from nonhuman sources display blood group A or blood group O activity, while human material is the most convenient source of the blood group B substance. The majority of the work carried out so far has dealt with blood group A substances. 

Group O. I. The Production of Precipitating and Agglutinating Antibodies to Various Human and Hog Blood Group Substances, J. Immunol. (1954) 73, 67. 

For the synthesis of the tetrasaccharide unit (267) of the blood-group substance A (type 1), Paulsen and Kolar [192, 193] prepared the benzoate (269) by partial benzoyl-ation of the diol (268) and condensed this with 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-a-L-fucosyl bromide in the presence of tetraethylammonium bromide to give (270) in 82% yield. The benzoyl group was removed to give (271) and this was condensed with the chloride (274) in the presence of silver carbonate — silver perchlorate to give the tetrasaccha-... 

N. K. Kochetkov, V. A. Derevitskaya, L. M. Likhosherstov, and S. A. Medvedev, A new destruction of blood group substances. Isolation of glycopeptide containing O-glycosidic carbohydrate-peptide linkage, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 52 (1973) 748-751. 

The O-glycoside linkage between protein and carbohydrate exists in blood group substances and chondroitin sulfate. The others are N-asparaginyl linked. 

Extracts from the seeds of Laburnum alpinum were first shown to possess anti-H(O) activity by Renkonen,6 and this was confirmed by Morgan and Watkins22 and others.77,471 Although the L. alpinum lec-tin(s) has not been purified, hemagglutination-inhibition studies conducted on seed extracts reveal a specificity towards N,N -diacetylchitobiosyl residues.19,196,471 Human A, H, and neuraminidase-treated human Lea blood-group substances were also extremely good inhibitors of the Laburnum lectin.198,471... 

Blood group substance H (A8) designated in the early literature by O, contained 41.4% carbon, 6.9% hydrogen, 5.3% nitrogen, and 8.7% acetyl. Its fucose content was 14% and that of hexosamine 31%. The same 11 amino acids were present. Le substance showed 41.5% carbon. 

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