Nylon trade name

Uses Antioxidant stabilizer for nonolefinic polymers, e.g., PET, PBT, PC, nylons Trade Name Synonyms Doverphos S-9228 [Dover http //www.doverchem.com]... 

We only need to recall the trade name of synthetic polyamides, nylon, to recognize the importance of these polymers and the reactions employed to prepare them. Remember from Sec. 1.5 the nylon system for naming these... 

Other elastomeric-type fibers iaclude the biconstituents, which usually combine a polyamide or polyester with a segmented polyurethane-based fiber. These two constituents ate melt-extmded simultaneously through the same spinneret hole and may be arranged either side by side or ia an eccentric sheath—cote configuration. As these fibers ate drawn, a differential shrinkage of the two components develops to produce a hehcal fiber configuration with elastic properties. An appHed tensile force pulls out the helix and is resisted by the elastomeric component. Kanebo Ltd. has iatroduced a nylon—spandex sheath—cote biconstituent fiber for hosiery with the trade name Sidetia (6). 

Nylon-11. Nylon-11 [25035-04-5] made by the polycondensation of 11-aminoundecanoic acid [2432-99-7] was first prepared by Carothers in 1935 but was first produced commercially in 1955 in France under the trade name Kilsan (167) Kilsan is a registered trademark of Elf Atochem Company. The polymer is prepared in a continuous process using phosphoric or hypophosphoric acid as a catalyst under inert atmosphere at ambient pressure. The total extractable content is low (0.5%) compared to nylon-6 (168). The polymer is hydrophobic, with a low melt point (T = 190° C), and has excellent electrical insulating properties. The effect of formic acid on the swelling behavior of nylon-11 has been studied (169), and such a treatment is claimed to produce a hard elastic fiber (170). 

A number of high melting poiat semiaromatic nylons, iatroduced ia the 1990s, have lower moisture absorption and iacreased stiffness and strength. Apart from nylon-6 /6,T (copolymer of 6 and 6,T), the exact stmcture of these is usually proprietary and they are identified by trade names. Examples iaclude Zytel HTN (Du Pont) Amodel, referred to as polyphthalamide or PPA (Amoco) and Aden (Mitsui Petrochemical). Properties for polyphthalamide are given ia Table 2. A polyphthalamide has been defined by ASTM as "a polyamide ia which the residues of terephthaUc acid or isophthahc acid or a combination of the two comprise at least 60 molar percent of the dicarboxyhc acid portion of the repeating stmctural units ia the polymer chain" (18). 

Nylon-6 [25038-54-4] (9) is made by the bulk addition polymerization of caprolactam. Monofilament Nylon-6 sutures are avadable undyed (clear), or in post-dyed black (with logwood extract), blue (ED C Blue No. 2), or green (D C Green No. 5). Monofilament nylon-6 sutures are sold under the trade names Ethilon and Monosof monofilament nylon-6,6 sutures, under the trade names Dermalon and Ophthalon and monofilament polyethylene terephthalate sutures, under the trade name Surgidac. 

Copolymers of chlorotrifluoroethylene and ethylene were introduced by Allied Chemicals under the trade name Halar in the early 1970s. This is essentially a 1 1 alternating copolymer compounded with stabilising additives. The polymer has mechanical properties more like those of nylon than of typical fluoroplastic, with low creep and very good impact strength. Furthermore the polymers have very good chemical resistance and electrical insulation properties and are resistant to burning. They may be injection moulded or formed into fibres. 

In the early 1950s a new class of polyamides became available differing from the nylons in that they contained bulky side groups, had a somewhat irregular structure and were of low molecular weight (2000-5000). They are marketed under such trade names as Versamids and Beckamides . 

As with the aliphatic polyamides such as nylons 6 and 66, the polyphthalamides were developed as plastics materials only after their sucessful use in the field of fibres. Such materials were introduced in 1991 by Amoco under the trade name of Amodel. 

The nonaromatic PU shown in structure 4.68 is sold under the trade name Perlon U. As in the case with nylons and polyesters, higher melting products are formed when the number of carbon atoms is even since this allows a closer packing of the chains. 

Foil balloons are derived from the effort of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Space Command with the concept and technology to metalizate plastic sheeting. While the balloons are often referred to as Mylar or silver Mylars, they are not made from Mylar, a trade name for certain polyester film. They should be simply referred to as foil balloons. They are made from nylon film coated on one side with PE and metallized on the other. The nylon film gives the balloon some strength and the PE gives it some flexibility and helps retard the release of the held gas. 

Nylon-4,6 was developed by DSM Engineering Plastics in 1990 and sold under the trade name Stanyl giving a nylon that has a higher heat and chemical resistance for the automotive industry and in electrical applications. It has a of 295°C and can be made more crystalline than nylon-6,6. A number of other nylons, such as the aromatic nylons and aramids, are strong and can operate at high temperatures, and they have good flame-resistant properties. 

Special terminology based on trade names has been employed for some polymers. Although trade names should be avoided, one must be familiar with those that are firmly established and commonly used. An example of trade-name nomenclature is the use of the name nylon for the polyamides from unsubstituted, nonbranched aliphatic monomers. Two numbers are added onto the word nylon with the first number indicating the number of methylene groups in the diamine portion of the polyamide and the second number the number of carbon atoms in the diacyl portion. Thus poly(hexamethylene adipamide) and polyfhexamethylene sebacamide) are nylon 6,6 and nylon 6,10, respectively. Variants of these names are frequently employed. The literature contains such variations of nylon 6,6 as nylon 66, 66 nylon, nylon 6/6, 6,6 nylon, and 6-6 nylon. Polyamides from single monomers are denoted by a single number to denote the number of carbon atoms in the repeating unit. Poly(e-caprolactam) or poly(6-aminocaproic acid) is nylon 6. 

Trade names and abbreviations are frequently used in the literature and in oral communication, e.g. nylon 66 for poly(hexamethylene adipamide), Teflon or PTFE for poly(tetrafluoroethylene) and Lucite or PMMA for poly(methyl methacrylate). Other common abbreviations are listed below ... 

Note first of all that there is the characteristic loss of a small molecule for stepwise reactions, which in this case is water, and that the loss of water results in an amide (HN-CO) linkage hence the resulting polymer is called a polyamide. This particular polyamide is very common and is better known by its trade name nylon. There are many types of nylons, depending on the exact formula of the diamine and diacid used to form the polyamide, but in this case, there are six carbon units between the nitrogens in the diamine and there are six carbon units (including the carbons which contain the double-bonded oxygens) in the diacid, so this polyamide is called Nylon 66. 

Polyester fibers, similar to polyamide fibers, represent another important family of fiber. Polyester fiber was discovered in England in 1941 and commercialized in 1950. Two common trade names of polyester are Dacron in the US and Terylene in the UK. The term polyester fiber represents a family of fibers made of polyethylene terephthalate. Dimethyl terephthalate is reacted with ethylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst, antimony oxide, to produce polyethylene terephthalate or polyester. The chain repeat structure of PET is given in Fig. 4.6. Although polyesters can be both thermosetting and thermoplastic, the term polyester has become synonymous with PET. Note that the PET chain structure is different from the simpler structure of nylon or polyethylene. In PET, the aromatic ring and its associated C-C bonds provide a rigidity to the structure. The polyester structure is also bulkier than that of nylon or polyethylene. These factors make polyester less flexible than nylon and polyethylene, and the crystallization rate of PET slower than that of nylon or polyethylene. Thus, when polyester is cooled from the melt, an appreciable amount of crystallization does not result. 

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