Nylon-1 imides

The homopolymerization of aliphatic carbodiimides, using n-butyl lithium as catalyst in hydrocarbon solvents at room temperature, affords nylon-1 imides 199 (R=Me, n-Bu, allyl, Ph), which have no commercial interest because unzipping occurs on heating. In the unzipping process the monomer is regenerated. The polymerization failed with DDC, diisopropylcarbodiimide and methyl-t-butylcarbodiimide. 

The homopolymerization of carbodiimides affords polyguanidines, which are nylon-1 imides. Because of their thermal instability, the homopolymers have found no utiUty as industrial polymers. Polyguanidines are also obtained in the reaction of hexamethylene-bis(t-butylcarbodiimide) with diamines. The polyaddition reactions of bis-carbodiimides with dialcohols and dithiols also produce the corresponding addition polymers. In the reaction of hexamethylene-bis(t-butylcarbodiimide) the polyaddition reactions proceed across the less sterically hindered C=N bond. Masked bis-carbodiimides, which are thermally unblocked, are also used in crosslinking reactions. 

The homopolymerization of aliphatic carbodiimides affords nylon-1 imides 19. The thus obtained poly(guanidines) are of no interest as industrial polymers because unzipping occurs on heating. ... 

Carbodi-imide-mediated reaction with carboxyhexyl-agarose Reaction with nylon imidate Adsorption onto nylon activated with triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate glutaraldehyde cross-linking onto a nylon-polyethylene-imine copolymer Reaction with nylon imidate... 

Reaction with nylon imidate Active immobilized enzyme 750 ... 

Properties Nylon 6/9, molding and extrusion Nylon 6/12 Nylon 11, molding and extrusion Nylon 12, molding and extrusion Aromatic nylon (aramid), molded and unfilled Poly(amide- imide), unfilled... 

Finally, when polyamides containing four or five carbon diacids, ie, succinic acid [110-15-6] and glutaric acid [110-94-1], respectively, are heated, they form cychc imides that cap the amine ends and prevent high molecular weights from being achieved (84). For nylon-x,4, n = 1 and for nylon-x,5, n = 2. 

In the case of NBR-nylon blends it was reported that the addition of the curative m-phenylene-bis-male-imide, improved the strength and stiffness of the blend. An attempt to compare the effect of different curative... 

Polyamide-6 (PA-6), synthesis of, 174-176. See also PA-6 entries Polyamide endgroups, 161 Poly amide-imide, synthesis of, 291 Polyamides (PAs), 135-193. See also Nylons PA entries acid chloride polymerization of, 155-157... 

Melamine formaldehyde Melamine phenolic Nitrile resins Phenolics Polyamides Nylon 6 Nylon 6/6 Nylon 6/9 Nylon 6/12 Nylon 11 Nylon 12 Aromatic nylons Poly(amide-imide)... 

Polymerization is assumed to occur only through the imide linkages—crucial to the formation of a star-branched nylon 6 species. If an imide-containing species (such as N-acetylcaprolactam) is added to the reaction, the slow step of the reaction is by-passed, allowing polymerization to take place very rapidly. This should also be the case for a tri-imide for generating star nylon species. 

A star-branched nylon 6 may be created by using a "star initiator "--a species with three or more imide linkages as activated sites. It was initially assumed that reaction would take place only at the imide sites and that cross-linking would not occur, although the bis-caprolactam species is known as a crosslinking agent. (9-... 

Polyamides and Imides. Nylons. These probably were the first of the engineering thermoplastics, featuring a new combination of... 

Nylon 12 (PA12) Poly(Phthalamide) (PPA) Poly(Amide Imide) (PAI)... 

The extruder can be used for a variety of polymerizations even if no preformed polymer is present.89 These include the continuous anionic polymerization of caprolactam to produce nylon 6,90 anionic polymerization of capro-lactone 91 anionic polymerization of styrene 92 cationic copolymerization of 1,3-dioxolane and methylal 93 free radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate 94 addition of ammonia to maleic anhydride to form poly(succin-imide) 95 and preparation of an acrylated polyurethane from polycaprolactone, 4,4 -methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate), and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate.96 The technique of reaction injection molding to prepare molded parts is slightly different. Polyurethanes can be made this way by... 

With the exception of both the EVOH grades, the remaining four barrier resins were orientable in the solid state. Generally, amorphous resins SELAR PA 3426 and polyacrylic-imide XHTA-50A were easier to orient than the semicrystalline resins, VDC copolymer and aromatic nylon MXD-6. In the case of both EVAL EP-E105 and SOARNOL D resins, all attempts to orient from the solid state were unsuccessful. 

With the growing demand for coextruded products, barrier plastics have shown significant growth in the last several years. Historically, the high barrier resins market has been dominated by three leading materials — vinylidene chloride (VDC) copolymers, ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) copolymers, and nitrile resins. Since 1985, however, there has been a lot of interest worldwide in the development of moderate to intermediate barrier resins, as apparent from the introduction of a number of such resins, notably, aromatic nylon MXD-6 from Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, amorphous nylons SELAR PA by Du Pont and NovamidX21 by Mitsubishi Chemical Industries, polyacrylic-imide copolymer EXL (introduced earlier as XHTA) by Rohm and Haas and copolyester B010 by Mitsui/Owens-Illinois. 

Materials The competitive oxygen barrier resins investigated include Dow Chemical Company s vinylidene chloride/vinyl chloride (VDC) copolymer (experimental grade XU 32009.02), Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company s aromatic nylon MXD-6, Du Pont s amorphous nylon SELAR PA 3426, Rohm Haas s polyacrylic-imide XHTA-50A and two EVOH resins — Kuraray s EVAL EP-E105 (44 mole% ethylene content) and Nippon Gohsei s SOARNOL D (29 mole% ethylene content). ... 

Dual Constructions. In addition to the "basic" magnet wire insulations in which the conductor wire is coated with a single enamel, there are a number of cases where two different enamels are used one overcoated over the other. Examples include polyurethane-base insulation overcoated with poly(vinyl butyral) or with nylon, or polyester-base insulation overcoated with nylon or with polyamide imide. 

The nylon casting process consists basically of four steps. These are the melting of the monomer, which is usually lactam flakes, the adding of the catalyst and activator, the mixing of the melts, and the casting process itself Cocatalyzed anionic polymerization is currently the most widely used nylon casting method. The cocatalysts are strong bases and their salts with imides and lactams. 

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