Numeric data programs

Figure 9.2-2 shows a data input screen in which general characteristics are input by radio buttons and numerical data is typed. The program calculates distances to specified in.sic concentrations and other requested consequence levels automatically. Results are available in a variety of formats including cloud footprints, sideview, cross section, pool evaporation rate, concentration vs distance and heat flux contours. Figure 9.2-3 shows the calculated results as a toxic plume. superimposed on the map with and without oligomerization. 

As already stated above, the database has been developed using ISIS software. The program operation is very simple, and about 30 min to learn the particular commands of this structure-searching program. ISIS provides both storage and retrieval of chemical structures. It is also possible to store text and numeric data into database entries. Because molecular structures are searchable in many ways, ISIS software is an excellent tool for exploiting data, and not simply archiving it. 

Data obtained from environmental monitoring programs can be classified, according to their complexity, in data ordered in one direction (one-way data), two directions (two-way data), three directions (three-way data), and in multiple directions (multiway data) [9, 10]. Scalar numerical data (one variable measured in one sample) would correspond to data ordered in zero direction (zero-way), while vector data (for instance, different variables measured in one sample or one variable measured in different samples) are ordered in one direction. When different variables are measured in different samples, obtained data can be ordered in two directions, that is, in a data table or data matrix. Finally, the compilation of different... 

Linear and nonlinear programming solvers have been interfaced to spreadsheet software for desktop computers. The spreadsheet has become a popular user interface for entering and manipulating numeric data. Spreadsheet software increasingly incorporates analytic tools that are accessible from the spreadsheet interface and permit access to external databases. For example, Microsoft Excel incorporates an optimization-based routine called Solver that operates on the values and formulas of a spreadsheet model. Current versions (4.0 and later) include LP and NLP solvers and mixed integer programming (MIP) capability for both linear and nonlinear problems. The user specifies a set of cell addresses to be independently adjusted (the decision variables), a set of formula cells whose values are to be constrained (the constraints), and a formula cell designated as the optimization objective. 

This study is based upon abundant materials obtained by many scientists in reference cross-sections on the coasts of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov as well as on numerous data referring to the shelves of these basins. The information about the Quaternary deposits of the Black Sea basins is poor and was obtained owing to the deep-sea drilling within the frameworks of the program of cruise 42 of D/V Glomar Challenger [1-3]. 

Patricia is a member of a support group for cancer survivors which has helped her "tremendously." She is hoping someone in your program can help her "get a handle on this memory thing." Her job requires that she retain and recall detailed numerical data, and she does not want to return to work "less than 100 percent." You will be providing psychotherapy to her on a daily basis for the next ten days. 

Experimentally, the sintering of supported nm metal particles has been studied during several decades [71-73] by using x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and temperature-programmed desorption (the former two techniques measure the average size of particles, the latter measures surface area). Numerous data obtained in inert and reactive conditions indicate that the growth of nm catalyst particles is usually described by Eq. (18) with n = 5-11. With increasing temperature, n often decreases. 

Physical properties and/or the equations used to predict physical properties can be stored on spreadsheets. No programming experience is required, and simple calculations are easy to carry out using the spreadsheet software. Numerical data such as tables can be typed into cells, where they are easily seen. Equations can also be typed into cells and are introduced as needed. Labels and units as well as remarks can be added as needed. 

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