Nucleotides bacterial

Nucleosides, bacterial, 15,201-234 purine, 17,301-369 pyrimidine, 14,283-380 Nucleotides, bacterial, 15,201-234 glycopyranosyl esters of, 18,309-356 mono-, 22,307-419... 

Ribosomes Bacterial cells contain about 15,000 ribosomes. Each is composed of a small (SOS) subunit and a large (50S) subunit. The mass of a single ribosome is 2.3 X 10 daltons. It consists of 65% RNA and 35% protein. Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis. The mRNA binds to ribosomes, and the mRNA nucleotide sequence specifies the protein that is synthesized. 

Baldwin, T. O., et al. (1989). The complete nucleotide sequence of the lux regulon of Vibrio fischeri and the luxABN region of bacterial bioluminescence. ]. Biolumin. Chemilumin. 4 326-341. 

Cohn, D. H., et al. (1985). Nucleotide sequence of the luxA gene of Vibrio harveyi and the complete amino acid sequence of the a subunit of bacterial luciferase. J. Biol. Chem. 260 6139-6146. 

A subfamily of Rho proteins, the Rnd family of small GTPases, are always GTP-bound and seem to be regulated by expression and localization rather than by nucleotide exchange and hydrolysis. Many Rho GTPase effectors have been identified, including protein and lipid kinases, phospholipase D and numerous adaptor proteins. One of the best characterized effector of RhoA is Rho kinase, which phosphorylates and inactivates myosin phosphatase thereby RhoA causes activation of actomyosin complexes. Rho proteins are preferred targets of bacterial protein toxins ( bacterial toxins). 

The kinetics of feedback inhibition may be competitive, noncompetitive, pattially competitive, ot mixed. Feedback inhibitots, which frequently ate the small molecule building blocks of mactomolecules (eg, amino acids for proteins, nucleotides fot nucleic acids), typically inhibit the fitst committed step in a particulat biosynthetic sequence. A much-studied example is inhibition of bacterial aspattate ttanscatbamoylase by CTP (see below and Chaptet 34). 

In mammahan cells, the polymerase is capable of polymerizing about 100 nucleotides per second, a rate at least tenfold slower than the rate of polymerization of deoxynucleotides by the bacterial DNA polymerase complex. This reduced rate may result from interference by nucleosomes. It is not known how the rephcation complex negotiates nucleosomes. 

Bacterial promoters are approximately 40 nucleotides (40 bp or four turns of the DNA double helix) in length, a region small enough to be covered by an E coli RNA holopolymerase molecule. In this consensus promoter region are two short, conserved sequence elements. Approximately 35 bp upstream of the transcrip-... 

Fukumori F, CP Saint (1997) Nucleotide sequences and regulational analysis of genes involved in conversion of aniline to catechol in Pseudomonas putida UCC22 (pTDNl). J Bacterial 179 399-408. 

Erickson BD, FJ Mondelo (1992) Nucleotide sequencing and transcriptional mapping of the genes encoding biphenyl dioxygenase, a multicomponent polychlorinated-biphenyl-degrading enzyme in Pseudomonas strain LB 400. J Bacterial 174 2903-2912. 

Haak B, S Fetzner, F Lingens (1995) Cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression of the plasmid-encoded genes for the two-component 2-halobenzoate 1,2-dioxygenase from Pseudomonas cepacia 2CBS. J Bacterial Yll 667-675. 

Cheng T-C, SP Harvey, GL Chen (1996) Cloning and expression of a gene encoding a bacterial enzyme for decontamination of organophosphorus nerve agents and nucleotide sequence of the enzyme. Appl Environ Microbiol 62 1636-1641. 

Figure 1 N-acyl homoserine lactone nucleotides produced by some bacterial species and their phenotype function (From Refs. 34 and 35).

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