Nucleic sugar component

As is well-known, nucleic acids consist of a polymeric chain of monotonously reiterating molecules of phosphoric acid and a sugar. In ribonucleic acid, the sugar component is represented by n-ribose, in deoxyribonucleic acid by D-2-deoxyribose. To this chain pyrimidine and purine derivatives are bound at the sugar moieties, these derivatives being conventionally, even if inaccurately, termed as pyrimidine and purine bases. The bases in question are uracil (in ribonucleic acids) or thymine (in deoxyribonucleic acids), cytosine, adenine, guanine, in some cases 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcyto-sine. In addition to these, a number of the so-called odd bases occurring in small amounts in some ribonucleic acid fractions have been isolated. 

Oligonucleotides with modified sugar components are another alternative to PNAs work in this direction was begun by Albert Eschenmoser, a famous synthetic chemist who was interested in the question as to why nature chose certain biomolecules for the processes of life and not others (Eschenmoser, 1991). This group carried out studies on the sugar components of the nucleic acids, in order to find out why D-ribose was used rather than another sugar. 

In the two nucleic acids, the sugar component consists solely of D-ribose or D-deoxyribose. 

Weith, H.L., Wiebers, J.L., and Gilham, P.T. (1970) Synthesis of cellulose derivatives containing the dihy-droxyboryl group and a study of their capacity to form specific complexes with sugars and nucleic acid components. Biochemistry 9, 4396-4401. 

Over thirty publications resulted from Tipson s work in Levene s laboratory. Along with the work on nucleic acid components, he also studied the structures of gum arabic and other plant gums, and conducted a range of synthetic investigations on sugars, with particular emphasis on uronic acids and 5-carbon ketoses. His 1939 observation that acetylated glycosyl halides... 

When a nucleic acid base is N-glycosidically linked to ribose or 2-deoxyribose (see p.38), it yields a nucleoside. The nucleoside adenosine (abbreviation A) is formed in this way from adenine and ribose, for example. The corresponding derivatives of the other bases are called guanosine (G), uridine (U), thymidine (T) and cytidine (C). When the sugar component is 2-deoxyribose, the product is a deoxyribonucleoside—e. g., 2 -deoxyadeno-... 

Nucleotides join together in nucleic acids by forming a phosphate ester bond between the phosphate group at the 5 end of one nucleotide and the hydroxyl group on the sugar component at the 3 end of another nucleotide (Figure 24.16). 

Show by drawing structures how the phosphate and sugar components of a nucleic acid are joined. 

Catterall H, Davies MJ, Gilbert BC (1992) An EPR study of the transfer of radical-induced damage from the base to sugar in nucleic acid components relevance to the occurrence of strand-breakage. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 2 1379-1385... 

Component of proteins, enzymes, phosphohpids, and nucleic acids Component of proteins, coenz3mies, nucleic acids, oils, phospholipids, sugars, starches Critical in energy transfer (ATP)... 

Thus the two nucleic acids differ in composition as regards the constituent sugar and one pyrimidine base. The striking difference in the chemical and physical properties of the two acids is occasioned by the properties of the sugar component, so that they are known as ribose-nucleic acid and desoarj/nhose-nucleic acid, respectively. 

The sugar components ofDNA- and RNA-based nucleic acids participate in the formation of nucleoside subunits and under pyrolytic conditions will lead to a specific 2-methylfuran (la) residue. RNA-based nucleic acids will also exhibit fragment ions due to 2-methyl-4-hydroxyfuran (lb) (Fig. 3). This behavior is typical of ribose derivatives. However, the attachment of the fragments la or lb to other ions formed in the fragmentation processes is unusual. The la unit, for example, undergoes dimerization, and ions con-... 

We have described how DNA is copied, but also made it clear that it is not itself the template for protein synthesis. This function is reserved for the other of the two nucleic acids, RNA. RNA, it will be recalled from Chapter 3, is like DNA, a chain composed of purine and pyrimidine bases, in this case adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil. Unlike DNA, the sugar component is not deoxy-... 

Hydroxyethyl)methylamino] ethyl ether groups have been introduced into cellulose by modification with bis (2-chloroethyl) methyl-amine, and reaction of 0-(2-aminoethyl) cellulose with an aqueous solution of N-[3-(dihydroxyboryl) phenyl ]succinamic acid in the presence of a water-soluble carbodiimide yields 0- N- N-[3-(dihydroxy-boryl) phenyl ]succinamoyl)aminoethyl cellulose (10), which has a variety of applications in the separation of sugars, polyhydric alcohols, and nucleic acid components. ... 

Nucleic acids are made up form three components nucleobases (usually referred to as bases), sugars and phosphoric acid. The nucleobases are derivatives of purine and pyrimidine (Figs. 1.20 and 1.21). Both DNA and RNA contain the purines Adenine (A) and Guanine (G). Of the pyrimidines. Thymine (T) and Cytosine (C) are components of DNA whereas Uracil (U) and Cytosine (C) are components of RNA. The sugar component of DNA is /3-D-deoxyribose, while RNA contains y3-D-ribose, (Fig. 1.22). These components are summarised in Table 1.4. 

The C. have many functions in nature, as skeletal substances (cellulose in wood), storage substances (starch, saccharose, and other sugars), components of nucleic acids, glycolipids, glycoproteins, glycosphingosides, etc. 

Nucleic acids are classified into two categories ribonucleic acids (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic adds (DNA). Both types are polymers made up of monomers called nucleotides. All nucleotides are composed of a pyrimidine or purine base, a sugar, and phosphate. The sugar component of RNA is ri-bose, and that of DNA is deoxyribose. The bases adenine, guanine, and cytosine are found in aU nucleic acids. Uracil is found only in RNA, and thymine only in DNA. 

Yeast nucleic acid is probably similarly constructed. The sugar component is here ribose. It is a short chain consisting of only 4 ribose phosphate groups. 

DNA and RNA are the two well-known nucleic acids. Structurally, they are oligomers of nucleotides the difference is that the sugar component of DNA is deoxy-D-ribose, and in RNA it is ribose. The DNA bases are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine in RNA, they are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil. 

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