Nucleic acid sequencing Sanger method

Sanger was a corecipient of a second Nobel Prize in 1980 for devising methods for sequencing nucleic acids Sanger s strategy for nucleic acid sequencing will be described in Section 28 14... 

In 1950, when the study of ribosomes began, no methods for determining the sequences of amino acids in proteins or of nucleotides in nucleic acids existed. Sanger published the sequences of the two short chains of insulin in 1953, and the first transfer RNA sequence was published by Holley in 1965. Never-... 

Fig. 4. Nucleic acid sequencing. Scheme showing the chain termination method of Sanger applied to the determination of the nucleotide sequence of a hypothetical length of DNA. a = the number shown in the column below is the number of nucleotides in the DNA chain that is complementary to the original DNA it takes no account of the constant number of nucleotides in the primer, P, attached at the 5 -end. b = nucleotide. Comp = complementary.

The analysis of chemically synthesized oligonucleotides and nucleic acid fragments by mass spectrometry has seen major advances. Again, new ionization techniques and improved equipment have opened possibilities for precise mass measurements of these polyanionic macromolecules that allow confirming their primary structure after nucleic acid sequencing by the Sanger method or analysis... 

In the 1970s he developed a widely used technique of using gel electrophoresis to read nucleotide sequences of DNA segments. The same method was developed independently by Frederick Sanger, and they both won the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1980 for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids. ... 

In this chapter, the Maxam-Gilbert method and the Sanger method for ab initio sequencing of long nucleic acid chains are discussed. Two alternative methods for sequencing of shorter DNA strands are described in chapter 5 with DNA arrays, sequences of up to a few hundred base pairs can be determined (section 5.3), while pyrosequencing is capable of identifying sequences of up to 50 bp (section 5.4). 

Sanger, who had already won a Nobel Prize in 1958 for protein sequencing, shared the 1980 chemistry prize with Walter Gilbert of Harvard University and Paul Berg of Stanford. Gilbert developed a chemical method for DNA sequencing and Berg was responsible for many important techniques in the study of nucleic acids. 

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