Nucleic acid bioreceptors

Hybridization the process of base-pairing between complementary ssDNA or RNA from two different sources. 

Electrochemical genosensors are based on electrochemical transduction to detect the hybridization event. The immobilization of DNA onto the electrodes plays an important role in the fabrication of DNA electrochemical biosensors. 

Steps involved in electrochemical DNA hybridization biosensors include  

There are basically two different pathways for electrochemical detection of DNA hybridization  

Label-free A decrease/increase in the oxidation/reduction peak current of electroactive DNA bases such as guanine or adenine is monitored. 

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Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, on the other hand, is typically used for affinity biosensing, in which antibodies or nucleic acids bioreceptors are attached to the working electrode surface. The charge transfer resistance experienced by those electroactive reporters diffused through the film of bioreceptors is a measure of the amount of bound analyte. However, this technique is highly sensitive to nonspecific adsorption (Rackus et al., 2015). 

Bioreceptors Antibodies Lectins Cell membrane receptors Nucleic acids Synthetic molecules... 

The role of bioreceptor can be also played by viruses covalently attached to the electrode surface, which was shown for resistance detection of antibody and prostate-specific membrane antigen.135 Taking into account up to 1020 unique species, phage-displayed libraries provide a vast pool of candidate receptors to practically any analyte, including small molecules, proteins and nucleic acids. Piezoelectric virus sensor has been developed e.g. for detection of distinctive antigens of the human cytomegalovirus.136... 

Utilize a biochemical mechanism for recognition. They are responsible for binding the analyte of interest to the sensor surface for the measurement. Bioreceptors can generally be classified into five major categories enzyme, antibody/antigen, nucleic acid/DNA, cellular structure/ceU, and biomimetic. The sampling component of a biosensor contains a biosensitive layer that can contain bioreceptors or be made of bioreceptors cova-lendy attached to the transducer. The most common forms of bioreceptors used in biosensing are based on ... 

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