Nuclear transmutation transuranium elements

Using the elements mentioned in Section 22-13, induced radiation and the artificial transmutation of elements occur with both light elements, like the nonmetals 3H, 12C and 170 as well has heavier elements, like 97Tc, mFr, 210At and 239U, which can be metals, metalloids or nonmetals. Transuranium elements, i.e. the elements with atomic numbers greater than 92 (uranium), must be prepared by nuclear bombardment of other elements. 

Other nuclear transmutations can lead to the synthesis of entirely new elements never before seen on Earth. In fact, all the transuranium elements—those elements with atomic numbers greater than 92—have been produced by bombardment reactions. Plutonium, for example, can be made by bombarding uranium-238 with a particles ... 

Nuclear transmutations have been used to produce the elements with atomic number above 92, collectively known as the transuranium elements because they follow... 

Nuclear transmutations have been used to produce the elements with atomic number above 92, collectively known as the transuranium elements because they follow uranium in the periodic table. Elements 93 (neptunium, Np) and 94 (plutonium, Pu) were produced in 1940 by bombarding uranium-238 with neutrons ... 

NUCLEAR TRANSMUTATIONS (SECTION 21.3) Nuclear transmutations, induced conversions of one nucleus into another, can be brought about by bombarding nuclei with either charged particles or neutrons. Particle accelerators increase the kinetic energies of positively charged particles, allowing these particles to overcome their electrostatic repulsion by the nucleus. Nuclear transmutations are used to produce the transuranium elements, those elements with atomic numbers greater than that of uranium. 

Nuclear transmutations are nuclear reactions induced by the bombardment of a nucleus by particles such as neutrons, alpha particles, or other small nnclei. Transuranium elements are aU created in this way in a particle accelerator. (23.4)... 

When the nuclide 9sCf was bombarded with lyN, four neutrons and a new transuranium element were formed. Write the nuclear equation for this transmutation. 

The redox reaction has been utilized in the separation of light actinide elements (U, Np, and Pu) with both ion-exchange process and solvent extraction process. For trivalent heavy actinides with Z> 94 (except No), separation of these actinide ions from lanthanide ions is required for safe storage of long-lived nuclear waste and transmutation of these nuclides. Fundamental researches have widely been carried out by several groups for the purpose of quantitative separation of transuranium elements. Recent topics on the development and application of solvent extraction for the separation of transuranium elements are briefly summarized below. 

Nuclear transmutations are used to produce Ihe transuranium elements, those elements witii atomic numbers greater than lhat of uranium. 

Artificial transmutations are also used to produce the transuranium elements. Transuranium elements are elements with more than 92 protons in their nuclei. All of these elements are radioactive. The nuclear reactions for the synthesis of several transuranium elements are shown in Figure 2.9. Currently,... 

Actinium and protactinium are decay products of the naturally occurring uranium isotope U and are present in uranium minerals in such low concentration that recovery from natural sources is a very difficult and unrewaidii task. By comparison, it is relatively straightforward to obtain actinium, protactinium, and most of the remaining transuranium elements by neutron irradiation of elements of lower atomic number in nuclear reactors [2-4]. Thus, actinium has been produced in multigram quantities by the transmutation of radium with neutrons produced in a high-flux nuclear reactor ... 

Nuclear transmutation, the changing of one element to another element, has been nsed to create the transuranium elements, elements with atomic nnmbers greater than that of uranium. 

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