Nozzles weights

Ejector Performance The performance of any ejec tor is a function of the area of the motive-gas nozzle and venturi throat, pressure of the motive gas, suction and discharge pressures, and ratios of specific heats, molecular weights, and temperatures. Figure 10-102, based on the assumption of constant-area mixing, is useful in evaluating single-stage-ejector performance for compression ratios up to 10 and area ratios up to 100 (see Fig. 10-103 for notation). 

Cost of Column The cost of the vessel, including heads, sldrt, nozzles, and ladderways, is usually estimated on the basis of weight. 

Table 12-4 is a summary of liquid fuel speeifieations set by manufaeturers for effieient maehine operations. The water and sediment limit is set at 1% by maximum volume to prevent fouling of the fuel system and obstruetion of the fuel filters. Viseosity is limited to 20 eentistokes at the fuel nozzles to prevent elogging of the fuel lines. Also, it is advisable that the pour point be 20 °F (11 °C) below the minimum ambient temperature. Failure to meet this speeifieation ean be eorreeted by heating the fuel lines. Carbon residue should be less than 1% by weight based on 100% of the sample. The hydrogen eontent is related to the smoking tendeney of a fuel. Lower... 

NOx emission requirements. This injeetion of steam reduees the temperature in the hot seetion, thus redueing the amount of NO produeed. When sprayed through the fuel nozzle, this steam ean impinge on the liner, thus ereating a temperature gradient, whieh ean lead to eraeks. Steam injeetion— whether it is required for NO eontrol or for extra power (5% steam by weight will produee 12% more work and inerease effieieney a few pereent)— must injeet steam into the eompressor diffuser to be safe and effeetive. This proeess will allow the steam to be fully mixed with the air before it enters the eombustor, redueing the ineidenee of liner failures due to steam injeetion. 

Historical data on similar vessels and fractionation towers can best be used by correlating the costs of this equipment vs. weight. Many methods can be found in the literature for estimating the weight and costs of vessels and fractionators (References 8. 9, 10, and 11). Make sure the estimated weight is complete including skirt, ladders and platfonns, special internals, nozzles, and manholes. 

Inlet nozzle size 18 inches Inlet flow 10,000 CFM Inlet pressure 25 psia Inlet temperature 80°F Molecular weight 29 Specific heat ratio 1.35... 

The weight of a vessel is made up of the weight of the shell, the weight of the heads, and the weight of internals, nozzles, pedestals, and skirts. The last two terms are defined in Figure 12-3. 

The weight of nozzles and internals can be estimated at 5 to 10% of the sum of the shell and head weights. The weight of a skirt can be estimated as the same weight per foot as the shell with a length given by Equation 12-8 for an ellipsoidal head and Equation 12-9 for a conical head. 

Discharge pressure of pump, psia = Intake pressure of pump Mth closed intake, psia = Final pressure in system, in. Hg abs Gas constant, = 1544/mol weight Pump speed, revolutions (or strokes) per second Pump speed, liters/sec Pump speed at P ", liters/sec Pump speed at P/, liters/sec Temperature, °R = 460 + °F Evacuation pump dowmtime, min Evacuation pump downtime, sec Ambient air temperature, °F Temperature of mixture at ejector suction, °F Temperature of steam on downstream side of nozzle, °F... 

Factors Affecting Drilling Rates 1090. Selection of Weight on Bit, Rotary Speed, and Drilling Time 1091. Selection of Optimal Nozzle Size and Mud Flowrate 1097. 

A tricone roller rock bit is furnished with three nozzles with the diameters of 32 od -il in. Calculate the bit pressure drop if the mud weight is 10 Ib/gal and flowrate is 300 gpm. 

Bit Nozzle Sizes. The pressure loss through the bit must be 500 psi with a circulation flowrate of 348 gal/min with 11.6-lb/gal mud weight. The pressure loss through a roller rock bit with three nozzles is (see the section titled Drilling Bits and Downholes Tools )... 

Drilling parameters (weight on bit, rotary speed, nozzle size, flowrate)... 

The combustion process is carried out in a thrust chamber or a motor case, and the reaction products are momentarily contained therein. The newly formed species are heterogeneous in composition and involve a wide variety of low molecular weight products. The temperature of these products is generally high, and it ranges from about 2,000°F (1,100°C) in gas generators to well over 8,000°F in advanced liquid propellant engines. The combustion products leave the chamber and are directed and expanded in a nozzle to obtain velocities from about 5,000 to 14,000 ft/sec. 

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