Notes authentication

Sometimes a skilled peifumei detects a sandalwood-musky note in authentic Bulgarian otto of rose. This note has been identified (11) as the trace iagredient, 7-methoxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-octanol [41890-92-0] (17), which has been commercially available for some time as Ossyrol (trademark of Bush, Boake, Aken Inc). This compound had never before been identified ia nature, but demonstrates how, sometimes, synthetic fragrance chemists can anticipate nature. 

Unless otherwise noted, a shghl excess of halogen and three-fold excess of KF was used NMR yield versus PhCF3 When two values are given, the second value is the isolated yield Products were identified either by spiking with an authentic sample or by combinanon of IR and mass spectra data of the isolated products. 

Aaszug, in. extract essence, tincture, infusion, decoction (according to circumstances) extraction extension removal, exodus drawer abstract bill, note (Mt ilinfl) superfine flour, -mehl, n. superfine flour, tvffientisch, a. authentic. 

The identities of the individual sugars were established by acid hydrolysis of a portion of the sample followed by paper chromatography and comparison with authentic samples. It was interesting to note that one of the sugars was the rarely encountered (S-D-allose that has only been found in a few saponins. Regrettably, only scant details were reported on the acquisition conditions used for the 1,1-ADEQUATE spectrum. 

Authentic Dhurrie rugs are hand woven in India. Today, they are usually made of wool, but they are descendants of cotton floor and bed coverings. In fact, the name Dhurrie comes from the Indian word dan, which means threads of cotton. The rugs are noted for their soft colors, their varieties of design, and they make a stunning focal point for any living room or dining room. 

The placebo effect manifests itself in many ways, revealing that a host of bodily reactions can be influenced by mental attitude and by what an individual believes should happen. One widely noted Japanese study reported monumental effects on the allergic reactions of thirteen volunteers who were highly susceptible to poison ivy. An investigator rubbed one arm of each volunteer with a harmless green leaf, which he identified as poison ivy. He touched the volunteer s other arm with an authentic leaf of poison ivy, which he said was harmless. Despite the subjects known susceptibility, only two of them showed an allergic reaction to the really poisonous leaf. All thirteen subjects, however, developed a rash where they had been rubbed with the misidentified leaf that was actually harmless. 

In this context transannular interactions must be mentioned, although there are very few authenticated reports of such effects, and they involve solely sp2 carbon atoms. Thus, Maciel and Nakashima (256) ascribed a shielding of the carbonyl atom in 129 of approximately 10 ppm relative to 128 (X = CH2, O, S) to a transannular interaction associated with a partial charge separation (Scheme 40). Less clear-cut results were obtained from the spectra of 3- and 4-thiacyclohexanone (199,257). For the sake of completeness we note that aromatic carbon atoms experience considerable deshielding (6-9 ppm) in bi- and multilayered [2.2]paracyclophanes (258,259). This was attributed to a decrease of the excitation-energy term in the o-p expression (eq. [3], p. 222). 

As we have noted in Sec. 2.3.2, there are few authentic examples of changing ATT values with temperature that are understandable on the basis of (and therefore evidence for) a proposed mechanism. A rds in a multistep mechanism which changes with temperature might account for such behavior. 

B. Hydrogenolysis of the Phenolic Ether Biphenyl. To a solution of 10 g. (0.032 mole) of the product from Part A in 200 ml. of benzene is added 2 g. of 5% palladium-on-charcoal, and the mixture is shaken with hydrogen in a Parr apparatus at 40 p.s.i. and 35-40° for 8 hours (Note 3). The mixture is filtered, and the insoluble residue is washed with three 100-ml. portions of hot ethanol (Note 4). The filtrates are combined, and the solvent is removed by means of a rotary evaporator at 60° (12 mm.) to leave a solid residue. The product is dissolved in 100 ml. of benzene, and 100 ml. of 10% sodium hydroxide solution is added. The mixture is shaken, and the layers are separated. The aqueous layer is extracted with 100 ml. of benzene, and the original benzene layer is washed with 100 ml. of water (Note 5). The benzene solutions are combined and dried over magnesium sulfate. Removal of the benzene by distillation yields 4.0-4.7 g. (82-96%) of biphenyl as a white powder, m.p. 68-70° (Note 6). The infrared spectrum is identical with that of an authentic sample, and a purity of at least 99.5% was indicated by gas chromatography analysis. 

The data represented by the open squares in Figure 5 were obtained from streaks of modern fake Sasanian coins (4). Note that the gold levels for these fake coins are usually appreciably less than those for authentic coins. This is because silver used in the last 100 years almost always... 

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