Electrochemical cell notation

Shorthand Notation for Electrochemical Cells Although Figure 11.5 provides a useful picture of an electrochemical cell, it does not provide a convenient representation. A more useful representation is a shorthand, or schematic, notation that uses symbols to indicate the different phases present in the electrochemical cell, as well as the composition of each phase. A vertical slash ( ) indicates a phase boundary where a potential develops, and a comma (,) separates species in the same phase, or two phases where no potential develops. Shorthand cell notations begin with the anode and continue to the cathode. The electrochemical cell in Figure 11.5, for example, is described in shorthand notation as... 

What are the anodic, cathodic, and overall reactions responsible for the potential in the electrochemical cell shown here Write the shorthand notation for the electrochemical cell. 

Potentiometric electrochemical cells are constructed such that one of the half-cells provides a known reference potential, and the potential of the other half-cell indicates the analyte s concentration. By convention, the reference electrode is taken to be the anode thus, the shorthand notation for a potentiometric electrochemical cell is... 

Membrane Potentials Ion-selective electrodes, such as the glass pH electrode, function by using a membrane that reacts selectively with a single ion. figure 11.10 shows a generic diagram for a potentiometric electrochemical cell equipped with an ion-selective electrode. The shorthand notation for this cell is... 

It is important to discuss cell notation and conventions. Instead of drawing a complete diagram to present electrochemical cells, it is convenient to specify a cell in line formula form or, as may be said, shorthand form. The Cu-Zn cell is thus presented as ... 

Electrochemical cells are described by a notation employing just two symbols ... 

Let us now return to the nonpolarized interface within the context of the working of the entire electrochemical cell, which we have to use in order to obtain useful information about concentration of fluoride ion, using (6.20). It is connected to a high-input impedance electrometer (e.gR > 10 2), so that current cannot pass through it. This ensures that the condition of zero current is satisfied. The general schematic of ISE is shown in Fig. 6.10a. In the usual cell notation we can write for the complete cell... 

The sources of measurement error are easily identifiable from Figure 4 and are represented in electrochemical cell notation as ... 

In order to make it easier to describe a given electrochemical cell, a special symbolic notation has been adopted. In this notation the cell of Fig would be... 

Finally, as was done in the treatment of electrochemical cells (see Section 7.13.5), one can use the following notation ... 

Fig. 2. Local charge balance at the electrode electroyte interface and notation of different potentials and potential drops in the electrochemical cell.

Potentiometry is the measurement of an electrical potential difference between two electrodes (half-ceUs) in an electrochemical cell (Figure 4-1) when the cell current is zero (galvanic cell). Such a cell consists of two electrodes (electron or metallic conductors) that are connected by an electrolyte solution (ion conductor). An electrode, or half-cell, consists of a single metallic conductor that is in contact with an electrolyte solution. The ion conductors can be composed of one or more phases that are either in direct contact with each other or separated by membranes permeable only to specific cations or anions (see Figure 4-1). One of the electrolyte solutions is the unknown or test solution this solution may be replaced by an appropriate reference solution for calibration purposes. By convention, the cell notation is shown so that the left electrode (Mi,) is the reference electrode the right electrode (Mr) is the indicator (measuring) electrode (see later equation 3). ... 

Chemists frequently use a shorthand notation to describe electrochemical cells. The cell in Figure 18-2a, for example, is described by... 

The conventional notation for representing electrochemical cells is the cell diagram. For the Daniell cell shown in Figure 19.1, if we assume that the concentrations of Zn + and Cu ions are 1 M, the cell diagram is... 

We now will introduce a handy line notation used to describe electrochemical cells. In this notation the anode components are listed on the left and the cathode components are listed on the right, separated by double vertical lines (indicating the salt bridge or porous disk). For example, the line notation for the cell described in Example 18.3(a) is... 

In order to specify the makeup of an electrochemical cell a compact notation has been developed. 

It is convenient to develop a notation for electrochemical cells and half-cells. In the case of Eq. (1), the half-cell would be represented as... 

The voltage of an electrochemical cell, denoted by U, is the potential difference between the two terminals of the cell it is expressed in volts (V). The notation U is not systematically used in scientific literature, but here it has been chosen in preference to the notation E which is also frequently seen in the field of electrochemistry and also in electricity, in this document the symbol E will be kept for the potentials or voltages of... 

Because there are so many possible electrochemical cells, a shorthand notation for representing their specific chemistry has been devised. This cell notation lists the metals and ions involved in the reaction. A vertical line,, denotes a phase boundary, and a double line, H, represents the salt bridge. The anode is always written on the left, and the cathode on the right ... 

Once again, we see that the spectator ions are not identified in this notation. The concentration of the electrolyte is generally included, for reasons we will soon see. In the example above, we include concentrations of 1 M. These values have special meaning because they are the assigned concentrations for the standard state of an electrochemical cell. If the electrochemical half-reaction includes the production or consumption of a gas, the standard state is a pressure of 1 atm. A standard state also implies that the electrode material is in its thermodynamic standard state, which is commonly the case because most electrode materials are solids at room temperature. 

The following oxidation-reduction reactions are used in electrochemical cells. Write them using cell notation. 

Cell notation (13.2) Shorthand notation for an electrochemical cell that shows the electrodes, gases, and solutions in the cell reaction as well as the phase boundaries separating them. 

We often use a notation employing two symbols to describe electrochemical cells ... 

The following universally accepted conventions are used to describe the structures of electrochemical cells in a shorthand notation [8]. 

An electrochemical cell may be represented by the following notation anode electrode anode solution cathode solution cathode electrode... 

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