General schematic

Figure 9.4 General schematic illustration of the apparatus used to combine cliromatography with capillary isotachophoresis.

A general schematic of a particle-beam interface is shown in Figure 4.5. The procedure used with this interface consists of four stages, as follows ... 

Figure 17.1. General schematic for the reductive alkylation of primary amines and diamines...

Fig. 10.11. General schematic model for favored approach of alkenes to 1-arenesulfonylprolinate catalysts (right) and B3LYP/6-31G /LANL2DZ computational model of preferred approach of propene to l-carbomethoxyprop-2-enylidene complex with Rh2(l-benzenesulfonylprolinate)2(isobutyrate)2 (left). Reproduced from J. Am. Chem. Soc.. 125, 15902 (2003), by permission of the American Chemical Society.

Figure 5.7 General schematic for the formation of a bio-doped sol—gel nanocomposite. Reproduced with permission from [59],...

Figure 1. General schematic of a combinatorial library prepared from a small set of building blocks.

Fig.l General schematic structures of poly(arylene ethynylene)s (PAEs), poly(arylene)s (PAs), poly( arylene vinylene)s (PAVs), and poly (diacetylene) s (PDAs)... 

Figure 6.1 General schematic representation of pol3mier-mediated assembly of nanoparticles (a) functionalization of nanoparticles through place-exchange method, (b) incorporation of complementary functional group to pol3miers, and (c) self-assembly of nanoparticles through electrostatic or hydrogen bonding interactions.

Optical nanoprobes are preferably designed as core/shell nanostructures where the optically active material is located in the core. A general schematic of such a nanoparticle is indicated in Fig. 1 and the typical synthesis steps are as follows ... 

Moreover, according to this general schematic mechanism, a more detailed picture of the particle formation has been tentatively given in two particular cases (1) synthesis of colloidal silver particles, and (2) formation of bimetallic ferromagnetic metal particles. 

Figure Seven (7) depicts a general schematic for membrane processes. In these technologies the implication of increasing the dewatering process is described by the term "recovery", which is defined as the purified water volume divided by the incoming stream volume in other words, percentage of the feed flow which is pumped through the membrane. Typically, for effluent treatment applications, the recovery figure is at least 90%. As recovery is increased (to decrease concentrated solute volume), the concentration of solute and suspended solids in the concentrate stream increases.

Figure 6. Generalized schematic to show relationships of sample areas in the Black Beauty and Maitland No. 2 mines to the dike (hand with checks)...

Figure la shows a general schematic illustration of the stimuli-responsive phase transition of a polymer system from the state X to the state Y. In the absence of external stimulation, the polymer system changes the state at a temperature Ta. We assume that the phase transition temperature will rise to Tb in the presence of external stimulation. Then, if the external stimulation is applied to the system at T (T, < T < Tb), the state will change from Y to X isothermally at a certain value of the external stimulation, Ca as shown in Fig. lb. This principle is useful for constructing efficient stimuli-responsive polymers. 

A general schematic for a smart window is shown in Figure 13.10. This device is, quite literally, two chemically modified electrodes sandwiched together. In this case, the films coating the electrode surfaces are electrochromic materials. A polymer electrolyte, analogous to that used in the fuel cell discussed earlier, is sandwiched between these two electrochromic material-coated electrodes. In a recent example of this concept by Habib and Maheswari of General Motors Research Laboratories [94], the cathodic electrochromic material was a tungsten oxide and the cathodic electrochromic material was the material Prussian blue, discussed in Section II of this chapter. It seems likely that electrochromic cells will soon find their way into the commercial marketplace. 

Let us now return to the nonpolarized interface within the context of the working of the entire electrochemical cell, which we have to use in order to obtain useful information about concentration of fluoride ion, using (6.20). It is connected to a high-input impedance electrometer (e.gR > 10 2), so that current cannot pass through it. This ensures that the condition of zero current is satisfied. The general schematic of ISE is shown in Fig. 6.10a. In the usual cell notation we can write for the complete cell... 

The objectives of the studies at West Virginia University (WVU) were to identify the important reactions involved, to elucidate the mechanisms and to study their kinetics. Experiments were conducted in a thermo gravimetric analyzer (TGA) apparatus a general schematic of this is shown in Figure 4,... 

Figure 10.19 General schematic representation of a supramolecular doublemutant cycle for measurement of the x-y interaction. The bold broken lines represent the major non-covalent interactions in the supramolecular complex, and the fine broken lines are the secondary effects that are cancelled in the cycle (reproduced by permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry).

Figure 8.11. A general schematic model for pressure solution.

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