Cells shorthand notation

Shorthand Notation for Electrochemical Cells Although Figure 11.5 provides a useful picture of an electrochemical cell, it does not provide a convenient representation. A more useful representation is a shorthand, or schematic, notation that uses symbols to indicate the different phases present in the electrochemical cell, as well as the composition of each phase. A vertical slash ( ) indicates a phase boundary where a potential develops, and a comma (,) separates species in the same phase, or two phases where no potential develops. Shorthand cell notations begin with the anode and continue to the cathode. The electrochemical cell in Figure 11.5, for example, is described in shorthand notation as... 

What are the anodic, cathodic, and overall reactions responsible for the potential in the electrochemical cell shown here Write the shorthand notation for the electrochemical cell. 

Potentiometric electrochemical cells are constructed such that one of the half-cells provides a known reference potential, and the potential of the other half-cell indicates the analyte s concentration. By convention, the reference electrode is taken to be the anode thus, the shorthand notation for a potentiometric electrochemical cell is... 

Standard Hydrogen Electrode The standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) is rarely used for routine analytical work, but is important because it is the reference electrode used to establish standard-state potentials for other half-reactions. The SHE consists of a Pt electrode immersed in a solution in which the hydrogen ion activity is 1.00 and in which H2 gas is bubbled at a pressure of 1 atm (Figure 11.7). A conventional salt bridge connects the SHE to the indicator half-cell. The shorthand notation for the standard hydrogen electrode is... 

The saturated calomel electrode (SCE), which is constructed using an aqueous solution saturated with KCl, has a potential at 25 °C of -hO.2444 V. A typical SCE is shown in Eigure 11.8 and consists of an inner tube, packed with a paste of Hg, HgiCli, and saturated KCl, situated within a second tube filled with a saturated solution of KCl. A small hole connects the two tubes, and an asbestos fiber serves as a salt bridge to the solution in which the SCE is immersed. The stopper in the outer tube may be removed when additional saturated KCl is needed. The shorthand notation for this cell is... 

A typical Ag/AgCl electrode is shown in figure 11.9 and consists of a silver wire, the end of which is coated with a thin film of AgCl. The wire is immersed in a solution that contains the desired concentration of KCl and that is saturated with AgCl. A porous plug serves as the salt bridge. The shorthand notation for the cell is... 

Membrane Potentials Ion-selective electrodes, such as the glass pH electrode, function by using a membrane that reacts selectively with a single ion. figure 11.10 shows a generic diagram for a potentiometric electrochemical cell equipped with an ion-selective electrode. The shorthand notation for this cell is... 

The acid version of the cell was patented in 1866 by the French chemist George Leclanche, and is shown schematically in Figure 6.14 (A). The cell, in shorthand notation, corresponds to ... 

Cell notation is a shorthand notation of representing a galvanic cell. To write the cell notation for the Daniell cell you ... 

A standard shorthand notation is used to describe the construction of galvanic cells and avoid the necessity of drawing pictures. It is based on the convention that the negative electrode is shown at the left. The notation for the galvanic cell shown in Figure 17-1 is... 

Descnbe each of the cells in Problem 1 in simplified shorthand notation... 

Figure 5a shows the diffraction pattern associated with the clean (100) platinum surface. There are extra diffraction features in addition to those expected for this surface structure from the X-ray unit cell. This surface exhibits a so-called (5x1) surface structure (8). There are two perpendicular domains of this structure and there are 3, , f, and f order spots between the (00) and (10) diffraction beams. The surface structure is not quite as simple as the shorthand notation indicates, as shown by the splitting of the fractional order beams. The surface structure appears to be stable at all temperatures... 

Rather than describing a galvanic cell in words, it s convenient to use a shorthand notation for representing the cell. For the Daniell cell in Figure 18.2, which uses the reaction... 

We can obtain the cell half-reactions simply by reading the shorthand notation. To find the balanced equation for the cell reaction, add the two half-reactions after multiplying each by an appropriate factor so that the electrons will cancel. The shorthand notation specifies the anode (on the extreme left), the cathode (on the extreme right), and the reactants in the half-cell compartments. 

Although the anode half-cell always appears on the left in the shorthand notation, its location in a cell drawing is arbitrary. This means that you can t infer which electrode is the anode and which is the cathode from the location of the electrodes in a cell drawing. You must identify the electrodes based on whether each electrode half-reaction is an oxidation or a reduction. 

PROBLEM 18.2 Write the shorthand notation for a galvanic cell that uses the reaction... 

PROBLEM 18.3 Write a balanced equation for the overall cell reaction, and give a brief description of a galvanic cell represented by the following shorthand notation ... 

First, read the shorthand notation to obtain the cell reaction. Then, calculate the halfcell potential for the hydrogen electrode from the observed cell potential and the halfcell potential for the calomel reference electrode. Finally, apply the Nernst equation to... 

Write the standard shorthand notation for each cell in Problem 18.36. 

A complete discussion of surface structure includes the use of a shorthand notation describing the location of surface atoms. This abbreviated representation of the surface is based upon a projection of the bnlk structure on to the surface plane. From this projection the surface stmcture is described in terms of the unit cell vectors of the bulk material (a, b) ... 

Chemists frequently use a shorthand notation to describe electrochemical cells. The cell in Figure 18-2a, for example, is described by... 

Use the shorthand notation (page 498) to describe the cells in Problem 19-9. Each cell is supplied with a salt bridge to provide electrical contact between the solutions in the two cell compartments. 

Use the shorthand notation to describe a cell consisting of a saturated calomel reference electrode and a silver indicator electrode for the measurement of... 

A useful shorthand notation describes the components of a voltaic cell. For exam-... 

Before we consider how these operations are carried out, it is useful to set up a shorthand notation for expressing the structures of cells. For example, the cell pictured in Figure 1.1.1(3 is written compactly as... 

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